氮密互作对春玉米光合性能和产量的影响  

Effects of Interaction between Nitrogen and Density on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：张书萍[1] 赵海岩[1] 刘晶[1] 张洋[1] 王大为[1] 肖万欣[1] ZHANG Shuping;ZHAO Haiyan;LIU Jing;ZHANG Yang;WANG Dawei;XIAO Wanxin(Corn Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第5期23-33,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-049);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2021MS0501);黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090100);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-44)。

摘　　要：以辽单1205为试验材料,研究施氮量[90(N1)、135(N2)、180(N3)、225(N4)、270(N5)kg/hm^(2)]和种植密度[6.00×10^(4)(D1)、6.75×10^(4)(D2)、7.50×10^(4)(D3)株/hm^(2)]互作对春玉米光合性能[不同层次叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和花后不同层次叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)]和产量及其构成因素的影响,为春玉米光、肥利用率和产量的提高提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,春玉米叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、SPAD、LAI、产量和收获指数(HI)总体上均呈先增加后降低的趋势,以N2—N4处理表现较好,尤其是N3处理;Ci总体上呈先降低后增加的趋势;穗粒数和穗粒质量总体上均呈增加趋势。施氮量对上述指标的影响幅度表现为穂位层LAI>底层LAI>Tr>Gs>Pn>穗下层SPAD>HI>Ci>穗上层SPAD>穗粒数>穗粒质量>产量>穂位层SPAD。随着种植密度增加,叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、穗粒数和穗粒质量总体上均降低,花后不同层次叶片SPAD值总体上先增加后降低,Ci、花后不同层次叶片LAI、产量和HI总体上均呈增加趋势。种植密度对上述指标的影响幅度表现为Gs>穗粒质量>穂位层LAI>穗粒数>底层LAI>Pn>Tr>穗上层SPAD>HI>穗下层SPAD>产量>Ci>穂位层SPAD。施氮量与种植密度的交互作用对开花吐丝期—凹陷期叶片Tr、Gs、Ci、穗上层SPAD和底层LAI的影响均达到了显著或极显著水平,对穗粒数、穗粒质量和产量的影响均达到极显著水平。综合考虑春玉米叶片光合性能和产量,总体以N3D3处理最优,产量为14566.4 kg/hm^(2),收获指数为0.50;N4D3、N2D3处理次之,产量分别为14379.2、14164.6 kg/hm^(2),收获指数分别为0.48、0.49。The effect of interaction between nitrogen rates[90(N1),135(N2),180(N3),225(N4),270(N5)kg/ha]and planting densities[6.00×10^(4)(D1),6.75×10^(4)(D2),7.50×10^(4)(D3)plants/ha]on photosynthetic performance[net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)at different layers and chlorophyll content(SPAD),leaf area index(LAI)at different layers after flowering],yield and its components was studied using Liaodan 1205 as material,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving light and fertilizer utilization rate and yield of spring maize.The results showed that leaf Pn,Tr,Gs,SPAD value,leaf area index(LAI),yield and harvest index(HI)of spring maize generally increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate,N2—N4 treatments had better performance,especially N3 treatment.The leaf Ci generally decreased first and then increased,and grain number per ear and grain weight per ear generally increased with the increase of nitrogen rate.The order of influence range of nitrogen rate on the above indexes was LAI at ear layer>LAI at bottom>Tr>Gs>Pn>SPAD value below ear layer>HI>Ci>SPAD value above ear layer>grain number per ear>grain weight per ear>yield>SPAD value at ear layer.The leaf Pn,Tr,Gs,grain number per ear and grain weight per ear generally decreased,SPAD value at different layers after flowering generally increased first and then decreased,Ci,LAI at different layers after flowering,yield and HI generally increased with the increase of planting density.The order of influence range of planting density on the above indexes was Gs>grain weight per ear>LAI at ear layer>grain number per ear>LAI at bottom>Pn>Tr>SPAD value above ear layer>HI>SPAD value below ear layer>yield>Ci>SPAD value at ear layer.The effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and planting density on leaf Tr,Gs,Ci,SPAD value above ear leaf and LAI at bottom layer was significant or extremely significant from flowering and silking stage to depre

关 键 词：春玉米 施氮量 种植密度 光合性能 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]