瓜州锁阳城遗址植物群落特征及与土遗址保护间关系  

Characteristics of plant community and its relationship with earthen heritage protection in Suoyang Ancient City,Guazhou

作　　者：武发思[1,2,4,5] 杜维波 杨小菊[1,3,4] 郭青林 贺东鹏[1,4] 詹鸿涛 邱飞[1,4] 张国彬 WU Fasi;DU Weibo;YANG Xiaoju;GUO Qinglin;HE Dongpeng;ZHAN Hongtao;QIU Fei;ZHANG Guobin(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang 736200, China;MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang 736200, China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [2]兰州大学细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃省敦煌文物保护研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [5]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期667-677,共11页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1522200);国家自然科学基金项目(32060258,32060277);甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR11RA218);中共甘肃省委组织部2022年度省级重点人才项目。

摘　　要：世界文化遗产瓜州锁阳城遗址的保存受到风沙和降水侵蚀、植物损害等多种因素的威胁。该研究采用样线法和样方法相结合,对遗址区植物多样性进行研究。共调查样方22个,划分为2个植被型组、2个植被型、2个植被亚型和4个群系,其中温带荒漠植被型样方16个,温带灌丛植被型样方6个,同时对植物与土遗址保护间关系进行了探讨。结果表明,锁阳城植物物种单一,多样性低,优势种主导了植物群落,样方内平均物种数为2.7种,平均香农威纳指数为0.52,平均物种均匀度指数为0.51;遗址区共有种子植物16科35属40种,中国特有物种2种,国家重点保护野生植物1种,木本植物16种,草本植物24种,苋科(Amaranthaceae)物种最多,有10属12种;植物区系以地中海-西亚至中亚分布为代表的温带成分为主;骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)群系和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)群系为常见群落,骆驼刺大量分布在遗址本体上,引发了裂隙、划伤及根系周边盐碱化等病害,白刺主要分布在遗址周边,可防风固沙,对遗址有保护作用。通过综合量化评估植被的生物学和生态学特征,判断植物与土遗址保护间关系,制定科学的植被管理和遗址保护对策。Suoyang Ancient City,a world cultural heritage site located in Guazhou,is threated by various factors such as wind and sand abrasion,rainfall erosion and plant damage.In this study,the line transect method combined with the sampling method was used to investigate the plant diversity in the study area.A total of 22 plots were investigated,which were divided into 2 vegetation type groups,2 vegetation types,2 vegetation subtypes and 4 groups,of which 16 were of temperate desert vegetation type and 6 were of temperate shrub vegetation type,and also discussed the relationship between plants and conservation of earthen site.The results showed that the plant species in Suoyang City was low in diversity,the dominant species dominated the plant community,the average number of species in the plot was 2.7,the average Shannon-Wiener index was 0.52,and the average species evenness index was 0.51.There are 40 species of seed plants in 16 families,35 genera,2 species native to China,1 species of national key protected wild plants,16 species of woody plants and 24 species of herbaceous plants.Amaranthaceae has the largest number of species,with 10 genera and 12 species.The flora is dominated by temperate components represented by the Mediterranean-Western Asia to Central Asia distributions;Alhagi sparsifolia and Nitraria tangutorum community are the common communities,and Alhagi sparsifoliaare mainly distributed on the body of the site,causing deterioration such as cracks,scratches,and salinization around the root system.Nitraria tangutorum are mainly distributed in areas around the site,which can prevent wind damage and fix sand,and have a protective effect on the site.Through a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the biological and ecological characteristics of vegetation,the relationship between plants and earthen sites can be judged,and scientific vegetation management and site protection strategies can be formulated.

关 键 词：土遗址 丝绸之路 多样性 植物区系 文物保护 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程]