栓皮栎种子萌发出苗特征与生理生化变化  

Seed Germination and Emergence Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Quercus variabilis

作　　者：王娜[1,2] 王佳茜 李国雷[1,2] 李箐[3] 朱琳 李田 刘文 Wang Na;Wang Jiaxi;Li Guolei;Li Qing;Zhu Lin;Li Tian;Liu Wen(Deciduous Oak Research Center,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection,Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Xishan Experimental Forest Farm,Beijing 100041;Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Protection Station,Huhehot 010020)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学落叶栎研究中心,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京市西山试验林场,北京100041 [4]内蒙古自治区林业和草原保护总站,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第4期1-10,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021ZY11)。

摘　　要：【目的】对栓皮栎种子萌发和出苗特征进行逐日监测,探究其种子萌发出苗特征与自身生理生化变化过程,分析出苗不整齐机制,为精准调控栓皮栎苗木质量提供参考。【方法】对栓皮栎种子萌发出苗过程进行动态观测,根据栓皮栎种子萌发出苗过程中种子形态变化特征和出苗统计量;对种子萌发出苗过程3个阶段和6个时期,测定萌发出苗的种子的生理生化变化特征,以及过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用高效液相色谱方法测定赤霉素(GA_(3))、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)3种内源激素含量;采用蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖和淀粉含量,3,5-二硝基水杨酸显色法测定α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶。【结果】1)栓皮栎种子最早在播种后第6天即开始萌发,第33天萌发结束,萌发周期为27天,累计萌发率73.6%,其中萌发中位数为14天。播种后第21天开始出苗,第60天出苗结束,出苗周期为40天,累计出苗率66.6%,其中出苗中位数为29天。出苗过程可分为3个时期,栓皮栎种子日平均出苗率超过3%时,为出苗高峰期(播种后25~30天),高峰期占整个出苗周期的10%,此期间出苗种子数占出苗总数的44%;在此时期之前出苗的为出苗上升期(播种后1~24天)占整个出苗周期的40%,出苗种子数占出苗总数的11%;高峰期之后为出苗下降期(播种后31~60天)占整个出苗周期的50%,出苗种子数占出苗总数的45%。2)种子萌发过程中,先萌发的种子内POD活性较高;出苗过程中,种子出苗数量较多时种子内POD和SOD活性较高。3)出苗种子较萌发种子GA_(3)升高64%;ABA下降30.3%;可溶性糖含量下降51%、淀粉含量下降24.1%;α-淀粉酶活性下降45%,而β-淀粉酶活性升高67.7%。【结论】栓皮栎种子萌发和出苗周期分别为4周和6周,萌发和出苗周期跨度大,栓波栎出苗不整齐严重,应加强苗期管理。POD和SOD主要影响栓皮栎种子的萌发阶段;GA_(3)和IAA促进栓【Objective】Under natural conditions,Quercus variabilis seeds have uneven emergence.This study monitored the characteristics of seed germination and emergence of Q.variabilis day by day,explored the characteristics of seed germination and emergence of Q.variabilis and its own physiological and biochemical change process,analyzed the mechanism of irregular emergence,and provided theoretical support for accurate regulation of seedling quality.【Method】Through the dynamic observation of the germination and emergence process of Q.variabilis seeds,according to the characteristics of seed morphological changes and emergence statistics during the germination and emergence process of Q.variabilis seeds,the germination and emergence process of Q.variabilis seeds was divided into stages and periods,and the physiological and biochemical changes of Q.variabilis seeds germinated and emerged at different stages and periods were measured,The activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were determined by plant physiological method,the contents of gibberellin(GA_(3)),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)were determined by high performance liquid chromatography,and the contents of soluble sugar and starch were determined by anthrone colorimetry,α-amylase andβ-amylase was determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry.【Result】1)Q.variabilis seeds began to germinate on the 6th day after sowing,and ended on the 33rd day.The germination cycle was 27 days,and the cumulative germination rate was 73.6%,of which the median germination was 14 days.Q.variabilis seeds began to emerge on the 21st day after sowing and ended on the 60th day.The emergence cycle was 40 days,and the cumulative emergence rate was 66.6%,of which the median emergence was 29 days.The emergence process of Q.variabilis seeds can be divided into three periods.When the average daily emergence rate of Q.variabilis seeds exceeds 3%,it is the emergence peak(25-30 days after sowing),which accounts for 10%of the whole emergence cycle.Durin

关 键 词：栓皮栎 种子 萌发 出苗 酶活性 内源激素 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]