人工智能的民事法律地位探析——基于与公司法人的比较视角  

Study on the Civil Legal Position for Artificial Intelligence:from the View of Comparison With the Corporate Juridical Person

作　　者：李闯豪 于淑杰 LI Chuanghao;YU Shujie(School of Humanity and Law,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院文法学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期19-27,共9页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2021年度河南省重点研发与推广专项(软科学研究)拟支持项目(212400410360);2020年河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究一般项目(2020-ZZJH-481)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民事主体独立法律地位的取得除需具备独立意志外,还须存在法律赋予主体地位的必要性。公司法人因其制度设计取得的独立意志及社会发展对该制度的现实需要使其独立法律地位的取得具备了充分的正当性。相比之下,现阶段的人工智能因独立意志的缺乏不具备享有独立法律主体地位的制度基础,且即便科学技术排除障碍发展至强人工智能,鉴于赋予其独立法律主体地位将产生的负外部性,法律并无必要赋予人工智能独立的民事法律主体地位。The acquisition of the independent legal status of civil subjects requires not only independent will that the civil subjects should have,but also the necessity granted by law.Corporate juridical person should be given the status of independent legal subject with sufficient legitimacy because of the independent will derived from its institutional design and the practical demand of social development for the system.In contrast,there is no institutional basis for artificial intelligence enjoying the status of independent civil subject at this stage due to its lack of independent will.In addition,even if it will develop to strong artificial intelligence after the problems are solved by the science and technology,it is still not necessary for law to give artificial intelligence the status of independent civil subject in view of the negative externalities that will derived from giving it the status of independent legal subject.

关 键 词：人工智能 公司法人 独立意志 民事主体 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]