贸易自由化与人力资本积累:来自中国的证据  

Trade Liberalization and Human Capital Accumulation:Evidence from China

作　　者：刘铠豪 王雪芳 张璇 LIU KaiHao;WANG XueFang;ZHANG Xuan(Shandong University, Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《财贸研究》2022年第5期56-72,共17页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“出口扩张与健康:理论分析与中国经验”(71903111);中国博士后科学基金项目“国际贸易与家庭福利:理论与中国经验”(2020T130379);中国博士后科学基金项目“税收负担与企业出口表现:理论与中国经验”(2019M652414)。

摘　　要：基于2002—2006年城镇住户调查(UHS)微观数据,利用各行业关税税率差异以及各城市“入世”前产业结构的差异,构建地区层面的贸易自由化指标,并采用“区域劳动力市场”分析法来识别贸易自由化对人力资本积累的影响。研究发现:贸易自由化抑制了人力资本积累,并且相对于针对女性就业的贸易自由化而言,针对男性就业的贸易自由化对人力资本积累的抑制作用更大。机制分析表明,贸易自由化通过增加教育投资的机会成本和降低教育投资的回报率进而抑制了人力资本积累。异质性检验表明,贸易自由化对人力资本积累的影响在不同学历、不同就业部门的个体、不同户籍类型、不同收入水平的家庭和不同地区之间存在一定的差异。为此,应建立与贸易冲击挂钩的津贴保障制度,并逐步提高地区市场化程度。Based on the micro-data of Urban Household Survey(UHS)from 2002 to 2006,exploiting industry difference in tariff rate and regional variation in various industrial structure before the WTO accession,this paper constructs regional trade liberalization indicator and employs the methodology of local labor market to explore the impact of trade liberalization on human capital accumulation.The study shows that trade liberalization depresses human capital accumulation.Moreover,compared to trade liberalization specific to female employment,trade liberalization specific to male employment has a relatively larger adverse effect.Mechanism analysis finds that trade liberalization inhibits human capital accumulation through increasing the opportunity cost of education investment and reducing retums to education investment.Heterogeneity test indicates that the impacts of trade liberalization on human capital accumulation are heterogeneous across groups with different levels of education,different employment sectors,different types of household registration,families of different income levels,and different regions.Therefore,an allowance guarantee system specific to trade shocks should be established,and gradual regional marketization degree should be gradually improved.

关 键 词：贸易自由化 关税削减 人力资本积累 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济]