直流微电流测量的研究进展  

Research on the progress of weak current detection

作　　者：李爽玉 冯荣尉[1] 贾冬宇 Li Shuangyu;Feng Rongwei;Jia Dongyu(Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京东方计量测试研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《电子技术应用》2022年第7期13-18,共6页Application of Electronic Technique

摘　　要：直流微电流测量技术广泛应用于核辐射检测、静电检测、空间辐射探测等领域,是一项特色极值量测量技术,涉及高阻抗运放电路设计、泄漏电流防护等多项技术。直流微电流测量技术研究主要从电阻式和电容式反馈电路着手,分析测量电路的工作原理和传递函数,重点分析漏电流、热电势、运算放大器和电阻参数对测量误差的影响,推导电路传递函数并仿真分析,最终提出减小各项参数对测量结果影响的方案。对近年来国内外直流微电流测量的方法进行了综述,分析了电流电压转换法、电流频率变换法和调制解调放大法。对国内外直流微电流测量仪器的现状进行调查,世界上出现了很多高精度的微弱电流测量仪器,使微弱信号测量得到很大的提升。DC micro current measurement technology is widely used in nuclear radiation detection,electrostatic detection,space radiation detection and other fields.It is a characteristic extreme value measurement technology,involving many technologies such as high impedance operational amplifier circuit design,leakage current protection and so on.The research on DC micro current measurement technology mainly starts with resistive and capacitive feedback circuits,analyzes the working principle and transfer function of the measurement circuit,focuses on the influence of leakage current,thermal potential,operational amplifier and resistance parameters on the measurement error,deduces the circuit transfer function and simulation analysis,and finally puts forward a scheme to reduce the influence of various parameters on the measurement results.This paper summarizes the DC micro current measurement methods at home and abroad in recent years,and analyzes the current voltage conversion method,current frequency conversion method and modulation,demodulation and amplification method.The current situation of DC micro current measuring instruments at home and abroad is investigated.There are many high-precision weak current measuring instruments in the world,which greatly improves the weak signal measurement.

关 键 词：微弱电流检测 前置放大器 I-V变换 I-F变换 

分 类 号：TM933[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]