基于食品安全指数法和危害物风险系数法评估山西省韭菜中农药残留的风险  

Risk Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Leeks in Shanxi Province Based on Food Safety Index and Hazard Risk Coefficient Method

作　　者：马新耀[1] 刘娇 李伟[1] 王静[1] 朱九生[1] MA Xinyao;LIU Jiao;LI Wei;WANG Jing;ZHU Jiusheng(Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西功能农产品检验检测中心,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2022年第7期92-97,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221010-1);2019年国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2019007);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L127);山西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测研究所科研项目(194102)。

摘　　要：为评估山西省韭菜中农药残留现状及居民膳食摄入风险,利用GC-MS/MS和UPLC-MS/MS技术对山西省韭菜主产区6个不同地区共计121个待上市韭菜样品中13种农药残留进行了精准定量,进而通过食品安全指数(IFS)法和危害物风险系数法对样品中检出的农药进行风险评估。结果显示,韭菜样品的农药检出率为97.5%,农药残留超标率为32.2%,其中腐霉利是造成韭菜中农药残留超标的主要农药,另检出克百威、毒死蜱、甲拌磷3种禁止在蔬菜上使用的农药,农药多残留检出率为57.0%。韭菜中检出的农药残留种类和数量存在采样时间、种植地区和种植模式上的差异。IFS法评估结果显示,12种检出农药的IFS值均小于1,膳食摄入风险在可接受范围;而危害物风险系数法评估结果表明腐霉利、甲拌磷、毒死蜱、克百威、二甲戊灵和氯氟氰菊酯6种农药为高度风险农药。总之,山西省韭菜质量安全风险仍在可接受范围,但存在高度风险农药使用情况,韭菜质量安全监管工作仍需进一步加强。In order to evaluate the pesticide residue status in leek from Shanxi Province,and dietary intake risk for residents,this study carried out accurate quantification on 13 kinds of pesticide residue in 121 leek samples collected from 6 different leek main producing areas by using GC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS technology.And then,risk assessment was conducted on pesticide residue detected in the samples by index of food safety(IFS)method and hazard risk coefficient method.Results showed that the pesticide detection rate of leek samples was 97.5%,and pesticide residue excess rate was 32.2%,among which procymidone was the main pesticide causing excessive pesticide residue in leeks.Besides,3 pesticides prohibited in using for vegetables,namely:phorate,chlorpyrifos and carbofuran were detected.The detection rate of pesticide multi-residue was 57.0%.Besides,there were differences in kinds and quantities of pesticide residue in leeks,sampling times,planting regions and cultivation patterns.Results of IFS method assessment indicated that the IFS value of 12 kinds detected pesticides were all less than 1,meaning their dietary intake risk was acceptable.While,results of hazard risk coefficient method evaluation indicated that procymidone,phorate,chlopyrifos,carbofuran,pendimethalin,cyhalothrin were 6 high risk pesticides.In short,the quality safety risk of leek produced in Shanxi is within an acceptable range.But use of high risk pesticide is still existing.Work of supervising on leek quality and safety is needed to be further strengthened.

关 键 词：韭菜 农药残留 风险评估 食品安全指数 危害物风险系数 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学]