基于时空大数据的城市地震应急避难场所布局研究——以银川市西夏区为例  

Study on the Layout of Urban Earthquake Emergency Shelters based on Spatiotemporal Big Data:A Case Study of Xixia District,Yinchuan City

作　　者：余思汗 陈文凯[2] 张楠[1] 刘超[1] 杨顺 王银[1] YU Sihan;CHEN Wenkai;ZHANG Nan;LIU Chao;YANG Shun;WANG Yin(Ningxia Earthquake Agency of Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,China;Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,CEA,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区地震局,银川750001 [2]中国地震局兰州地震研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《华北地震科学》2022年第3期8-15,共8页North China Earthquake Sciences

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03443);中国地震局星火项目(XH19047);宁夏地震科研专项基金(NX202107);宁夏地震局科技创新团队(CX2019-1)。

摘　　要：以银川市西夏区为例,利用GIS对POI(兴趣点)数据和道路缓冲区进行空间关联,识别城市各功能区,借助手机信令数据对城市功能区和人口空间分布数据进行匹配,推算人口时空分布变化;在此基础上,根据容纳性、可达性和就近性原则对城市地震应急避难场所重新规划,解决应急避难场所目前存在的布局不合理问题。结合现有资源经定量分析,新增两处固定应急避难场所,可有效缓解破坏性地震发生时应急避难场所的超负荷和供需矛盾问题。此研究成果可为城市地震应急避难场所服务能力分析、科学布局规划提供新思路和新手段。This paper takes Xixia District of Yinchuan city as an example,using GIS to make spatial correlation between POI(points of interest)and road buffer,to identify various urban functional areas.By using mobile phone signaling data,the urban functional areas are matched with spatial distribution data of population,and the spatio-temporal distribution changes of population are calculated.On this basis,according to the principles of tolerance,accessibility and proximity,we re-plan urban earthquake emergency shelters,to solve the current unreasonable layout of emergency shelters.Based on the quantitative analysis of existing resources,two fixed emergency shelters are added,which can effectively alleviate the overload of emergency shelters and the contradiction between supply and demand when destructive earthquakes occur.The research results of this paper can provide new ideas and means for the service capacity analysis and scientific layout planning of urban earthquake emergency shelters.

关 键 词：地震应急避难场所 时空大数据 POI 手机信令 城市道路 

分 类 号：P315.94[天文地球—地震学] X43[天文地球—固体地球物理学]