湖北省通山县枇杷园土壤养分状况与分布特征  

Soil nutrient status and distribution characteristics of loquat orchard in Tongshan County of Hubei Province

作　　者：王会良[1] 龚林忠[1] 王富荣[1] 刘勇[1] 艾小艳[1] 吴正利 袁观强 聂玉婷 朱炜 袁野 诸小敏[1] 何华平[1] WANG Hui-liang;GONG Lin-zhong;WANG Fu-rong;LIU Yong;AI Xiao-yan;WU Zheng-li;YUAN Guan-qiang;NIE Yu-ting;ZHU Wei;YUAN Ye;ZHU Xiao-min;HE Hua-ping(Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fruit and Tea Subcenter of Hubei Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technology,Wuhan 430064,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Tongshan County,Xianning 437600,Hubei,China;Loquat Association of Tongshan County,Xianning 437600,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所/湖北省农业科技创新中心果树茶叶研究分中心,武汉430064 [2]通山县农业农村局,湖北咸宁437600 [3]通山县枇杷协会,湖北咸宁437600

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第12期61-66,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD1000100);湖北省农业科技成果转化项目(2021ABC010)。

摘　　要：以湖北省通山县为研究对象,分析枇杷园土壤养分状况。采集通山县9个主要枇杷种植乡镇的415处土壤进行主要营养成分分析,结合相关分级标准判断土壤营养状况。通山县枇杷园土壤pH平均值为6.46,变幅为4.94~8.57,在不同果园空间差异不明显;土壤有机质含量变幅在2.40~52.60 g/kg,平均值为22.40 g/kg,全县枇杷园土壤有机质含量在中等以上水平所占比例较大,达95.91%,有机质含量处于较高水平;土壤速效氮含量在7.00~250.00 mg/kg,平均值为119.03 mg/kg,全县54.09%的土壤速效氮含量高于120 mg/kg,达到丰富或极丰富水平;土壤有效磷含量在6.00~140.70 mg/kg,平均值为27.99 mg/kg,未见有效磷缺乏的果园;土壤速效钾含量变幅为25.50~391.00 mg/kg,平均值为114.42 mg/kg,7.27%的果园处于缺乏或极缺乏水平。土壤速效氮、有效磷、速效钾等含量的空间分布不均匀,但是都比较丰富。针对通山县枇杷园土壤状况,建议控制化肥用量,增加有机肥用量,逐步推广果园生草、测土配方施肥技术,以实现通山县枇杷园土壤肥力提升和养分均衡供应。The soil nutrient status of the loquat orchard in Tongshan County of Hubei Province was analyzed.We collected 415 soils from 9 main loquat-growing townships in Tongshan County,analyzed the main nutrients,and judged the soil nutrient status according to relevant grading standards.The average soil pH of the loquat orchards in Tongshan County was 6.46,with a range of 4.94 to 8.57,and the spatial variation was not obvious in different orchards.The soil organic matter content varied from 2.40 to 52.60 g/kg,with an average of 22.40 g/kg.Most of the soil organic matter content in loquat gardens in the county had reached the middle level or above,reaching 95.91%,and the organic matter content was at a relatively high level.The soil available nitrogen content was 7.00~250.00 mg/kg,with an average of 119.03 mg/kg.There were 54.09% of the county’s soil with available nitrogen content higher than 120 mg/kg,reach⁃ing a rich or extremely rich level.The content of available phosphorus in the soil was 6.00~140.70 mg/kg,with an average of 27.99 mg/kg,no orchards lacking available phosphorus.The soil available potassium content ranged from 25.50 mg/kg to 391.00 mg/kg,with an av⁃erage of 114.42 mg/kg,and 7.27% of orchards were at the level of deficiency or extreme deficiency.The spatial distribution of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content was uneven,but they were all relatively abundant.In view of the soil condition of the loquat orchard in Tongshan County,it was recommended to control the amount of chemical fertilizer,in⁃crease the amount of organic fertilizer,and gradually promote the orchard growing grass and soil testing formula fertilization technology to achieve the improvement of soil fertility and the balanced supply of nutrients in the loquat orchard in Tongshan County.

关 键 词：土壤养分 枇杷园 分布特征 通山县 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]