覆盖方式对春马铃薯生长和块茎品质的影响  

Effects of covering methods on the growth and tuber quality of spring potato crop

作　　者：陈鑫昊 董文 陈铭 刘蕾 叶亦心 秦玉芝[1,2] 周华兰 熊兴耀 胡新喜 CHEN Xinhao;DONG Wen;CHEN Ming;LIU Lei;YE Yixin;QIN Yuzhi;ZHOU Hualan;XIONG Xingyao;HU Xinxi(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen,Guangdong 440307,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [4]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳440307

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期289-293,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：科学技术部项目(2018YFD0200800);农业部和财政部现代农业技术产业体系(CARS-09-ES16)。

摘　　要：在冬闲稻田用白膜覆盖、白膜膜上覆土(简称白膜覆土)、黑膜覆盖、黑膜膜上覆土(简称黑膜覆土)、稻草覆盖等5种覆盖方式栽培马铃薯‘兴佳2号’,分析覆盖方式对马铃薯出苗、生长势、产量和马铃薯块茎品质的影响。结果表明:各覆盖栽培方式出苗均比裸地(对照)早,其中白膜覆盖出苗最早,比对照早17 d;与对照相比,各覆盖栽培方式的植株株高、SPAD值和主茎数增加;块茎产量显著高于对照,其中白膜覆盖产量最高,为34.87 t/hm^(2),显著高于白膜覆土的,但黑膜覆盖与黑膜覆土间产量差异不显著;不同覆盖方式的马铃薯块茎干物质含量为15.46%~16.74%;黑膜覆土的绿薯率最低,为2.56%;各覆盖方式的马铃薯龙葵素含量4.65~9.76 mg/100 g,其中黑膜覆盖的最低;块茎镉含量在0.029~0.042mg/kg,白膜覆盖的最高。综合来看,黑膜覆盖及黑膜覆土的产量较高,且绿薯率、龙葵素含量低、块茎镉含量不超标,较适合冬闲田早春马铃薯栽培。Potato cv.Xingjia No.2 was cultivated in the winter fallow rice field with 5 mulching methods(white film mulching,white film mulching with covering soil,black film mulching,black film mulching with covering soil and straw mulching)to analyze the effects of different mulching methods on the growth,yield and tuber quality of potato.The results showed that potato cultivated with different mulching methods emerged earlier compared to the control(no mulching),and the emergence of seedlings of potato cultivated with white film mulching was the earliest,17 days earlier than that in the control.Compared with the control,the plant height,SPAD and the number of main stems of plant with mulching cultivation were increased.The tuber yields with different mulching cultivation methods were significantly higher than that of the control,and the yield of white film mulching treatment was the highest(34.87 t/hm^(2)).The yield of straw mulching treatment were significantly lower than those of other mulching treatments,the yield of white film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of white film mulching with covering soil treatment,but there were no significant difference between black film mulching treatment and black film mulching with covering soil treatment.The dry matter content of tubers with different mulching methods ranged from 15.46%to 16.74%.The lowest green potato rates were 2.56%with black film mulching.The solanine contents of different treatments were 4.65 to 9.76 mg/100 g,and the solanine contents with the black film coverage was the lowest.The cadmium contents of tubers were 0.029 to 0.042 mg/kg,and cadmium content with white film mulching was the highest.The black film mulching cultivation and black film mulching with covering soil cultivation exhibited advantages with higher yields,lower rates of green tuber,lower solanine contents and lower cadmium contents,which were suitable for early spring potato cultivation in winter fallow rice field.

关 键 词：春马铃薯 覆盖 生长势 产量 品质 湖南 

分 类 号：S632.047[农业科学—蔬菜学]