美国1973年《濒危物种法》的时代背景与历史地位  

The Background and Historical Status of American Endangered Species Act of 1973

作　　者：滕海键 张雪姣 TENG Hai-jian;ZHANG Xue-jiao(School of Economics,Liaoning University;School of History,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning,110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学经济学院 [2]辽宁大学历史学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第4期132-144,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“东北区域环境史资料收集、整理与研究”(18ZDA174);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”资助项目“环境史专题研究”(XLYC1804020)。

摘　　要：美国国会于1973年通过的《濒危物种法》是世界历史上一部极其重要的物种保护法,对维护美国的生物多样性发挥了重要作用。20世纪六七十年代现代环保运动的兴起和高涨,以及美国社会和联邦政府对环境问题的重视,成为这部法案出台的时代背景。随着濒危物种灭绝速度的加快,生态学和环境伦理学的发展使人们对物种的认识发生变化,成为该法案得以出台的直接推动因素。在以往物种保护政策实践的基础上,该法案制定了更加严苛的法律制度和实施机制,确立了维护生物多样性的立法理念。该法案首次在法律术语上赋予“濒危物种”以权利,体现了生态主义理念与环境伦理的影响,同时对其他国家濒危物种保护具有借鉴意义。The Endangered Species Act passed by the US Congress in 1973 is an extremely important environmental protection law in the history of the world,which has played a great role in maintaining the biodiversity of the United States.The rise and upsurge of modern environmental protection movement in 1960 s and 1970 s,and the attention paid by American society and federal government to environmental issues are the background of this law,while the acceleration of endangered species extinction and the change of people’s understanding of species with the development of ecology and environmental ethics are the direct driving factors.On the basis of the previous practice of species protection policy,this law establishes a strict legal system and implementation mechanism,and established the legislative idea of maintaining biodiversity.This law gives“endangered species”rights for the first time in lawterm,which reflects the influence of ecological concept and environmental ethics.This law is a model of legislation for protecting biodiversity in world history.

关 键 词：美国 濒危物种法 物种灭绝 生物多样性 环境史 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6