RCEP传统知识数据库条款:析解、例证与应对  

On Explanation,Analysis and Countermeasures for the Article of Traditional Knowledge Database in RCEP

作　　者：李一丁[1] Li Yiding

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2022年第6期92-109,共18页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金“我国履行《名古屋议定书》相关法律问题研究”(17CFX050)。

摘　　要：RCEP第11章“知识产权”第53条首次在国际贸易协定项下规定遗传资源、传统知识和民间文学艺术保护,第3款第3项为传统知识数据库专门规定。该条款既是各成员国传统知识数据库认知的集中表达,亦是各成员国传统知识保护、开发和利用样态的局部缩影。韩国、印度尼西亚、泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾、越南等成员国传统知识数据库或图书馆建构运营经验可归纳为:严守编纂体例、充分规范保障、明确主管部门、注重程序正义和提倡共享联通。RCEP传统知识数据库条款生效要求中国在履约时全面、具体、细致地对待传统知识数据库话题。具体包括:维护公共领域作为认知前提;厘清官方公益型和非官方营利型两大数据库类别;确立中医药主管和市场监督管理(知识产权)、科学技术、商务、海关等部门协管相结合的行政监督管理体制;完善《中医药传统知识保护条例(草案征求意见稿)》《专利法》及其配套措施,遵守《公共图书馆法》等规范;施行部际联席会议制度,构建注册登记、编纂标准、分类管理、获取程序、贸易管制等制度。Article 53 of Chapter 11"Intellectual Property"in the RCEP puts forward for the first time the protection of genetic resource,traditional knowledge and folklore under regional or international economic and trade agreement,and Clause 3 of this Article relates to traditional knowledge database.This Clause is not only the demonstration or manifestation of cognition about the traditional knowledge database,but also the status quo of traditional knowledge conservation,access and utilization.Through the empirical analysis to database or library from the Republic of Korea,Indonesia,Thailand,Malaysia,Philippine and Vietnam,experience of traditional knowledge database established from these countries can be summarized as abiding by editorial standard strictly,fully ruling the guarantee,specific administrative competent,emphasizing procedural justice and advocating the common sharing and communication.For China,as the RCEP comes into force,Article 53 requires facing with the traditional database topics comprehensively,typically and carefully.In this process,China should focus on these topics:to safeguard the public domain as an acknowledged promise;to distinguish two categories of database,one for public interest operated officially and the other for private interest operated non-officially;the administrative regulation system where the Traditional Chinese Medicine as a chief administrative competent authority,and jointly with the authorities of Market Regulation(Intellectual Property),Scientific and Technology,Commerce and Customs;the applicable rules,including the Regulation on Chinese Traditional Medicine Knowledge(draft),the Rules on Implementing the Patent Law,and the Law on Public Library;and,an inter-ministerial joint conference should be implemented to establish regimes on registration,standard compiling,classified management,access procedure and trade regulation.

关 键 词：RCEP 传统知识数据库 生物贸易 生物遗传资源 

分 类 号：D997.1[政治法律—国际法学] D913[政治法律—法学]