某船用摩擦离合器油路密封对花键失效影响的仿真模拟研究  

Simulation research on the influence of oil seal of a marine friction clutch on spline failure

作　　者：丰雷 冯健 叶辉 贾龙凯 刘震 丁星星 FENG Lei;FENG Jian;YE Hui;JIA Longkai;LIU Zhen;DING Xingxing(The Navy Equipment Guangzhou Burean in the Second Military Section of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China;Chongqing Gearbox Co. , Ltd. , Chongqing 402263, China;Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering, Chongqing 400039, China)

机构地区：[1]海装广州局驻重庆地区第二军事代表室,重庆402260 [2]重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司,重庆402263 [3]西南技术工程研究所,重庆400039

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（自然科学）》2022年第6期149-155,共7页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology：Natural Science

摘　　要：某船用湿式多片摩擦离合器内置于齿轮箱,受结构限制,内部花键传动采用径向供油方式,在长时间的使用中,会造成供油环密封老化和磨损,使进入离合器内部润滑减少,造成花键损坏,对航行安全产生一定的影响,因此研究某船用摩擦离合器内部润滑油对花键长期运行磨损失效机理,进一步提高离合器长期运行可靠性。采用有限元仿真分析离合器内部油路在不同泄漏量下的流场、出口流量,通过离合器流量运转试验进行离合器花键失效的定性验证。通过离合器内部供油环密封间隙分别在0、0.3、0.5、0.7 mm时的出口流量和流场仿真可知,其出口润滑流量分别损失为3.67%、20.26%、35.57%、39.36%,导致出口流量减少1/3,无法满足离合器润滑量的需要,离合器无法得到及时冷却,使离合器花键的寿命大幅度降低;通过离合器流量运转试验,尤其是在极端缺油试验中,花键运行6 h就已经开始出现变色情况。某船摩擦离合器花键失效机理在于离合器长时间运行后,供油环密封长期磨损造成离合器内部供油泄漏,引起离合器花键供油不足,蠕动花键产生的热量无法快速被带走,使花键寿命快速下降。研究成果可为离合器长寿命周期可靠性研究提供参考。A marine wet multi-disc friction clutch is built in the gearbox,and the internal spline transmission adopts radial oil supply due to structural limitations.Long-term use causes the seal of the oil supply ring to age and wear,which has a certain impact on the safety of navigation.Therefore,the study of the failure mechanism of the lubricating oil inside a marine friction clutch on the long-term operation of the spline can further improve the long-term operation reliability of the clutch.Finite element simulation is used to analyze the flow field and outlet flow of the oil circuit inside the clutch under different leakage amounts,and the spline failure is qualitatively verified through the clutch flow operation test.Through the simulation of the outlet flow and flow field,when the seal clearance of the oil supply ring inside the clutch is 0,0.3 mm,0.5 mm,and 0.7 mm,respectively,the loss of the outlet lubrication flow is 3.67%,20.26%,35.57%,and 39.36%,respectively.The outlet flow is reduced by one-third,which cannot meet the requirement of the off-lubrication amount;through the clutch flow operation test,especially in the extreme oil shortage test,the spline has begun to change color after 6 hours of operation.The failure mechanism of the spline of a friction clutch on a ship is proposed:after the clutch runs for a long time,the seal of the oil supply ring wears for a long time,resulting in the leakage of oil supply inside the clutch,insufficient oil supply of the spline,and the heat of creep wear cannot be quickly taken away.This study lays the foundation for the next step of the clutch long life cycle reliability research.

关 键 词：湿式摩擦离合器 花键失效 密封磨损 润滑油路仿真 

分 类 号：TH133.4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]