Population genome of the newly discovered Jinchuan yak to understand its adaptive evolution in extreme environments and generation mechanism of the multirib trait  

作　　者：Daoliang LAN Wenhui JI Xianrong XIONG Qiqi LIANG Wenye YAO Tserang-Donko MIPAM Jincheng ZHONG Jian LI 

机构地区：[1]Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,China [2]Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,China [3]Novogene Bioinformatics Institute,Beijing,China

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2021年第5期685-695,共11页整合动物学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872361);“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”,Southwest Minzu University(2018NQN02);Sichuan provincial central government guiding local science and technology development in 2020(20ZYZYTS0020).

摘　　要：The adaptation and diversity of animals to the extreme environments of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP)are typical materials to study adaptive evolution.The recently discovered Jinchuan yak population has many individuals with multiple ribs.However,little is known about this yak’s origin,evolution,and the genetic mechanisms that formed its unique multirib trait.Here,we report a valuable population genome resource of the Jinchuan yak by resequencing the whole genome of 150 individuals.Population genetic polymorphism and structure analysis reveal that Jinchuan yak can be differentiated as a unique and original yak population among the domestic yak.Combined with geological change,the Jinchuan yak’s evolutionary origin is speculated to be about 6290 years ago,which may be related to the unique geographical environment of the eastern edge of the QTP during this period.Compared with other domestic yaks,this new population has 280 positively selected genes.The genes related to skeletal function hold a considerable and remarkable proportion,suggesting that the specific skeletal characteristics have been enhanced in the adaptive evolution of Jinchuan yak in the extreme plateau environment.The genome-wide association study has revealed that TUBA8 and TUBA4A,the genes that regulate the cytoskeleton,are potential genes associated with the multirib trait.Our findings provide a basis to further understand the generation mechanism of the adaptive evolution of this new population in high-altitude extreme environments and the multivertebrate trait of domestic animals.

关 键 词：adaptive evolution genetic mechanism multirib trait Qinghai-Tibet Plateau YAK 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]