中西太平洋海域中国大陆金枪鱼围网租赁渔船的作业特征分析  

Analysis of operation characteristics of charter vessels in Chinese mainland tuna purse seine fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

作　　者：郭英聪 何珊[1] 张禹[2] GUO Yingcong;HE Shan;ZHANG Yu(College of Marine Sciences of Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《渔业信息与战略》2022年第2期94-101,共8页Fishery Information & Strategy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0901202,2019YFD0901502);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(18391900800)。

摘　　要：远洋捕捞国渔船能够通过租用、租赁的方式悬挂其他国家或捕鱼实体的旗帜,从而成为租赁船。为探究中西太平洋海域中国大陆金枪鱼围网租赁渔船的作业特征,通过分析2013—2016年中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队在中西太平洋的渔捞日志数据,对研究期内各月份金枪鱼围网租赁船的数量、捕捞努力量及单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)等指标的时空变化趋势进行分析研究,结果表明:1)在研究期内,从2014年开始租赁船的绝对船数和船队占比都处于持续上升的过程;2)同一年中禁渔期和非禁渔期之间船队捕捞努力量的比值逐渐减小,禁渔期内船均捕捞努力量总体增加;3)不论在禁渔期还是全年,中国渔船租赁后的CPUE平均水平高于无租赁船的2013年水平;4)研究期内,非禁渔期的渔场分布相对均衡,而禁渔期的渔场分布具有年际变化,2015年的渔场重心向西偏移。这些结果表明中国大陆从2014年开始通过将围网渔船租赁给太平洋岛国在一定程度上减小了禁渔期对生产的影响。中国围网船队的发展模式仍需根据中西太平洋渔业委员会(Westernand Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,WCPFC)管理措施的变化作进一步的探索与调整。The fishing vessels of distant water fishing nations can become charter vessels to hang the flags of other countries or fishing entities by means of chartering and leasing. To understand the operation characteristics of charter vessels in Chinese mainland tuna purse seine fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, this paper analyzed the number of charter vessels, the time and location change of fishing efforts and nominal catch per unit effort(CPUE) by collecting Chinese mainland tuna purse seine fisheries data from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that: 1) During the study period, both the absolute number of charter vessels and the proportion of the fleet had continued to rise since 2014.;2) In the same year, the ratio of the fishing efforts of the fleet between FAD closure and non-FAD closure gradually decreased, and the fishing efforts by vessel increased overall during FAD closure;3) The average level of nominal CPUE in chartering years(2014 to 2016) was higher than that in the non-chartering years(2013) during FADs closure and the whole year;4) During the study period, the distribution of fishing grounds during non-FAD closure was relatively balanced, while the distribution of fishing grounds during FAD closure had inter-annual variation, and the center of gravity of the fishing grounds shifted westward in 2015. These results indicate that China's mainland has reduced the impact of the FAD closure on production to a certain extent by leasing purse seiners to Pacific island countries since 2014. However, the development model of Chinese purse seine fleet still needs to be further explored and adjusted according to the changes in the management measures of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission(WCPFC).

关 键 词：金枪鱼围网 租赁船 人工集鱼装置禁渔期 中西太平洋 作业特征 

分 类 号：S793.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]