Diel differences in blue whale(Balaenoptera musculus)dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia  

作　　者：Francesco CARUSO Leigh HICKMOTT Joseph DWARREN Paolo SEGRE Gustavo CHIANG Paulina BAHAMONDE Sonia ESPAÑOL-JIMÉNEZ Songhai LI Alessandro BOCCONCELLI 

机构地区：[1]Marine Mammals and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory,Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Sanya,China [2]Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,Woods Hole,Massachusetts,USA [3]Open Ocean Consulting,Hampshire,UK [4]Scottish Oceans Institute,University of St Andrews,St Andrews,UK [5]Stony Brook University,Southampton,New York,USA [6]Hopkins Marine Station,Stanford University,Pacific Grove,California,USA [7]Melimoyu Ecosystem Research Institute,Santiago de Chile,Chile [8]HUB Ambiental–Centro de Estudios Avanzado,Universidad de Playa Ancha(UPLA),Valparaíso,Chile

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2021年第4期594-611,共18页整合动物学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2016YFC0300802);the biodiversity investigation,observation and assessment program(2019-2023)of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China;Indian Ocean Ninety-east Ridge Ecosystem and Marine Environment Monitoring and Protection,supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(no.DY135-E2-4).

摘　　要：The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags(DTAGs),generating≈190 h of data.Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime(day:32.6±18.7 m;night:6.2±2.7 m;P<0.01).During the night,most time was spent close to the surface(86%±9.4%;P<0.01)and at depths of less than 12 m.From 2016 to 2019,active acoustics(scientific echosounders)were used to record prey(euphausiids)density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data.Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day.The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also≈12 m.In recent decades,northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry.Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region.Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.

关 键 词：bio-logging tags blue whale diving profile ocean conservation prey distribution 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]