黄淮海大豆新品系主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of New Soybean Lines in Huang-Huai-Hai Area

作　　者：赵晶云[1] 任小俊 任海红[1] 吕新云 刘小荣[1] 马俊奎 ZHAO Jing-yun;REN Xiao-jun;REN Hai-hong;LYU Xin-yun;LIU Xiao-rong;MA Jun-kui(Economic Crops Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Fenyang 032200,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西汾阳032200

出　　处：《大豆科学》2022年第3期266-273,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES15);吕梁市重点研发项目(2020NYGG81);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究(YCX2020102)。

摘　　要：为了更好地利用大豆种质资源,以黄淮海大豆产区102份大豆新品系为材料,对14个产量相关的农艺性状进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:供试品系的14个农艺性状中,四粒荚数变异系数最大,生育期最小,主茎节数的多样性指数最大,单株产量与单株粒数、单株荚数、二粒荚数相关性最大,且均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分累计贡献率达到70.108%;聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离6.5处,可将参试种质材料分为5个类群。类群Ⅰ为生育期较短类群,适宜于黄淮海北片种植;类群Ⅱ为百粒重较大的类群;类群Ⅲ为高产类群,可作为高产育种的亲本材料使用;类群Ⅳ包含材料数量最多,是黄淮海大豆产区普通类型;第Ⅴ类群底荚部位高、植株高大、生物产量高,可作为适于机械收获及牧草大豆品种选育的亲本材料。In order to make better use of soybean germglasm resources, 102 new soybean lines in Huang-Huai-Hai Area were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity of fourteen agronomic characters related to yield. The results showed that among the fourteen agronomic characters of the tested lines, the coefficient of variation of four pods was the largest and the growth period was the smallest. The diversity index of the nodes number of main stem was the highest, and the yield per plant had the highest correlation with the seeds number per plant, pods number per plant and pods number of two seeds, and all of them had a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01). The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 70.108%. Cluster analysis showed that at Euclidean distance of 6.5, the tested germplasm materials could be divided into five groups. Group Ⅰ was a group with short growth period, which can be suitable for planting in the northern part of Huang-huai-hai Area. Group Ⅱ was a group with larger 100-seed weight. Group Ⅲ was a high-yield group and can be used as parent material for high-yield breeding. Group Ⅳ contained the most materials, which was a common type in Huang-Huai-Hai soybean producing areas. Group Ⅴ had high bottom pod position, tall plants and high biological yield, which can be used as parent materials suitable for mechanical harvesting and forage soybean breeding.

关 键 词：黄淮海地区 大豆 农艺性状 遗传多样性分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]