贵州省2011—2021年流感流行特征及变异规律  

Variation and prevalence characteristics of influenza in Giuzhou province,2011-2021

作　　者：郑勤妮[1] 任丽娟[1] 庄丽[1] 万永虎[1] 雷明玉[1] 牟鸿江[1] 李世军[1] ZHENG Qin-ni;REN Li-juan;ZHUANG Li(Department of Virology,Laboratory Center,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou Province 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心实验中心病毒科,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2022年第7期891-894,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：贵州省科技计划基金(黔科合基础[2020]1Y360);贵州省卫生计生委基(gzwjkj2017-1-052)。

摘　　要：目的分析贵州省2011—2021年流感的流行病学特征,揭示流感病毒的流行特点及变异规律,为流感病毒的防控提供科学依据。方法采集2011—2021年全省13家流感监测哨点医院发热/内科、儿科门诊流感样病例(ILI),通过RT-PCR检测,以流感监测年度为周期进行数据统计分析。结果共采集ILI标本135537例,总阳性率为16.73%(22676例)。检出阳性率最高为H3N2亚型(34.3%),最低为BY系(13.69%),各亚型均引起过不同程度流行,且交替共存。呈冬春季和夏季2个流行高峰特征;女性阳性率略高于男性;人群主要集中在5~24岁年龄段,各亚型主要感染的对象有所不同;各监测年度间阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论贵州省流感呈周期性流行,且各亚型交替或共存呈优势株流行。多发于冬春季和夏季,青少年是防控的重点,各地区阳性率差异有统计学意义。应加强监测并及时分析病毒变异情况。Objective To analyze prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Guizhou province during2011-2021 and to provide evidences for influenza prevention and control.Methods Throat swab specimens were collected from influenza-like illness(ILI)cases at fever/internal medicine and pediatric clinics of 13 national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Guizhou province during 2011-2021 and detected with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Statistical analysis was conducted on the basis of annual influenza seasons.Results Of the135537 specimens detected during the 10-year period,16.73%(22676)were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid.Among the positive specimens,the detection rate was the highest(34.3%)for subtype of H3N2 and the lowest(13.69%)for subtype of BY.Various viral subtypes were prevalent alternately during the period.Two prevalence peaks of influenza virus infection in winter-spring season and in summer season were observed,with slightly more infectious cases among females than among males and more cases among the people aged 5-24 years.There was a subtype-specific difference in the susceptibility of influenza virus in various populations and there was a significant difference in annual positive rate for the specimens detected.Conclusion During 2011-2021 in Guizhou province,influenza was prevalence periodically with alternative prevalent viral subtypes;more influenza infections occurred in winter-spring and in summer seasons,especially among young people.The results suggest that surveillance and analysis on viral strain variation timely should be strengthened.

关 键 词：流感病毒 ILI 流行特征 变异规律 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]