基于SLAF标签测序分析广东省栽培稻种质资源的遗传结构及演化关系  

Genetic structure and evolutionary relationship for cultivated rice resources from Guangdong province based on SLAF tag sequencing

作　　者：孙炳蕊[1] 潘大建[1] 李晨[1] 江立群 张静 吕树伟 刘清[1] 毛兴学[1] 陈文丰[1] 范芝兰[1] SUN Bing-Rui;PAN Da-Jian;LI Chen;JIANG Li-Qun;ZHANG Jing;LYU Shu-Wei;LIU Qing;MAO Xing-Xue;CHEN Wen-Feng;FAN Zhi-Lan(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guang Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangdong 510640,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第10期2483-2493,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202004);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515011226);广东省广州市国家野生稻种质资源圃项目(粤发改农经[2021]272号);广东省农业科学院水稻研究所“优谷计划”(所长基金)项目(2021YG02);广东重点实验室(2020B1212060047);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020219004)资助。

摘　　要：自水稻矮化育种成功以来,广东的水稻品种在国内的水稻育种中发挥了重要作用。国家“十四五”规划明确提出了我国种业自主创新将以提升核心种源竞争力为目标,着力加强种质资源保护利用。本研究利用开发的10,610个多态性SLAF标签,对98份广东省不同时期育成的代表性品种和地方稻种,开展遗传演化、群体遗传结构及主成分分析,发现43份老品种和5份地方稻种的遗传基础较宽,而50份近期育成的新品种的遗传基础较窄;遗传演化和系谱分析发现,老品种大多数含有广场13、南特号、矮仔占、塘埔矮和竹印2号的血缘,而新品种大多含有IR系列品种、粳籼677、广场矮、中籼3588的血缘。这表明自20世纪90年代以来重视了外引材料的利用,但忽视了对本地优良种质资源的利用。这可能与20世纪70年代三系杂交稻的兴起有关。因此,为了确立核心种源的竞争地位,应重点加强本地优良种质资源的鉴评和利用。Since the success of rice dwarfism breeding,Guangdong rice varieties have played an important role in domestic rice breeding.According to the national“14th Five-Year Plan”,the independent innovation of seed industry in China will aim at enhancing the competitiveness of core seed resources,and focus on the protection and utilization of germplasm resources.In this study,we carried out the analysis of genetic evolution,population genetic structure,and principal component analysis for 98 representative varieties including bred varieties in different periods and local varieties in Guangdong Province,and found that 43 old rice varieties and 5 local rice varieties had broader genetic basis,while 50 newly bred varieties had a relatively narrow genetic basis.Genetic evolution and pedigree analysis indicated that most of the old varieties originated from Guangchang 13,Nantehao,Aizizhan,Tangpuai and Zhuyin 2,while most of the new rice varieties were mainly derived from IR varieties,Jingxian 677,Guangchangai and Zhongxian 3588.These results indicated that the usage of foreign varieties had been strengthened in rice breeding and the utilization of the elite local germplasms was weakened,which may be related to the rising of three-line hybrid rice since 1980s.In conclusion,to establish the competitive position of core seed sources,the evaluation and utilization of local elite germplasms should be emphasized.

关 键 词：广东省 栽培稻种 遗传结构 遗传演化 SLAF标签 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]