绿洲灌区小麦秸秆还田与耕作措施对玉米产量的影响  

Effects of wheat straw returning and tillage practices on corn yield in oasis irrigation area

作　　者：王玉珑 于爱忠[1] 吕汉强 王琦明 苏向向 柴强[1] WANG Yu-Long;YU Ai-Zhong;LYU Han-Qiang;WANG Qi-Ming;SU Xiang-Xiang;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第10期2671-2679,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑项目(2021CYZC-54);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(20JR5RA037);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育计划项目(Gaufx-04J01)资助。

摘　　要：针对西北干旱绿洲灌区玉米长期连作导致其产量提高受限的关键问题,基于田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田/秸秆不还田和耕作措施(传统翻耕、免耕)对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,前茬小麦秸秆还田和耕作措施对玉米干物质积累量与叶面积指数均有显著影响,且二者的互作效应显著。从玉米全生育期平均来看,秸秆还田较秸秆不还田显著提高了玉米干物质积累量与叶面积指数,分别提高4.2%~8.2%和7.1%~13.0%;与免耕处理相比,传统翻耕显著提高了玉米干物质积累量与叶面积指数,分别提高20.2%~24.1%和11.0%~16.0%。秸秆还田和耕作措施对玉米籽粒产量及产量构成因素影响显著,但二者的互作效应不显著。秸秆还田较秸秆不还田、传统翻耕较免耕玉米籽粒产量分别提高21.9%和20.0%,其主要原因是提高了穗数。因此,在干旱绿洲灌区小麦秸秆还田结合传统翻耕有利于提高玉米叶面积指数,促进干物质积累,进而提高玉米籽粒产量。The traditional continuous maize cropping poses challenge in increasing maize yield in the arid oasis irrigation area of northwest China.In this study,in order to determine the effects of wheat residue management and tillage practices on maize yield,a field experiment was carried out in a typical oasis irrigation region.The results indicated that different wheat straw returning methods and tillage practices had significant effects on corn dry matter accumulation and leaf area index,and there was significant in the interaction between them.During the whole growth period of maize,compared with no straw returning,straw returning treatment increased the dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of maize by 4.2%–8.2%and 7.1%–13.0%,respectively.Compared with no-tillage treatment,the conventional plow-tillage significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of maize by 20.2%–24.1%and 11.0%–16.0%,respectively.Straw returning methods and tillage practices had significant effects on maize grain yield and yield components(no interactions).Compared with no straw returning,the straw returning treatment significantly increased maize grain yield by 21.9%.The conventional plow-tillage significantly increased maize grain yield by 20.0%compared with no-tillage,due to an increase in spike numbers.In conclusion,conventional plow-tillage with straw returning management can be recommend as a feasible cultural method to increase the leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield formation of maize in the oasis irrigation areas.

关 键 词：免耕 秸秆还田 轮作 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S141.4