基于Meta分析华北冬小麦高产高效协同提升灌溉方案  

High Yield and Water Use Efficiency Synergistical Improvement Irrigation Scheme of Winter Wheat in North China Plain Based on Meta-Analysis

作　　者：周丽涛 孙爽 张镇涛 张方亮 郭世博 石延英 杨晓光[1] ZHOU Li-tao;SUN Shuang;ZHANG Zhen-tao;ZHANG Fang-liang;GUO Shi-bo;SHI Yan-ying;YANG Xiao-guang(College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2022年第7期515-526,共12页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：“十三五”重点研发项目(2019YFA0607402);国家自然科学基金(41901013)。

摘　　要：目前针对灌溉对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率影响研究大多基于单点实验,受气候、土壤等因素影响,研究结果可比性较差,且难于获得区域结论。本文通过检索搜集获得186篇大田实验文献,共1876对观测数据,采用Meta分析方法分析明确了灌溉对华北冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,揭示了不同区域、降水年型、土壤质地和施氮量水平下灌溉对产量和水分利用效率的影响差异,明确了不同情景下华北冬小麦产量和水分利用效率协同提升的最佳灌溉量。研究结果表明,与生长季内不灌溉相比,灌溉使华北冬小麦总体增产32.0%~38.3%,水分利用效率降低27.3%~30.1%。冬小麦生长季降水量<150mm的西北区域灌溉增产幅度(39.6%~53.5%)高于降水量>150mm的东南区域(24.3%~27.1%),灌溉后水分利用效率降低幅度(32.4%~37.5%)高于东南区域(22.0%~24.3%)。冬小麦高产高效的生长季内最佳灌溉量西北区域为150~180mm,东南区域为120~150mm;干旱年、平水年和湿润年均为灌溉两次效果最佳,且最佳灌溉时期分别为拔节期和开花期、拔节期和抽穗期、拔节期和孕穗期,最佳总灌溉量均为120~150mm;壤土条件下灌溉对冬小麦增产效果最佳,黏土条件下水分利用效率降低幅度最小,沙土、壤土、黏壤土和黏土四种土壤质地下冬小麦最佳灌溉量分别为60~90mm、120~150mm、180~210mm和150~180mm;施氮量在120~240kg·hm^(−2)时,灌水80~140mm增产节水效果最佳,其中灌水110~140mm条件下冬小麦产量更高,而灌水80~110mm冬小麦水分利用效率更高。综上所述,华北地区冬小麦在湿润年型下拔节和开花期灌溉,平水年型下拔节和孕穗期灌溉,干旱年型下拔节和抽穗期灌溉,总灌溉量为120~150mm,可实现高产节水,若该区域为壤土,同时施氮120~240kg·hm^(−2),冬小麦可实现产量和水分利用效率的协同提升。The effects of irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were mostly explored based on site-based experiments in North China Plain(NCP)region.However,due to the influences of contrasting environmental factors(e.g.climate and soil properties),these results cannot be accurately cross-compared among different studies,resulting in the difficulty to get the generalizable pattern at regional scale.Here meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of irrigation on winter wheat yield and WUE in NCP region,with the observation data of 1876 pairs from 186 field experimental papers totally.The differences of the irrigation effects in different regions,precipitation year types,soil texture,and nitrogen(N)application levels were explored,and the corresponding optimal irrigation amounts for reaching high yield and WUE were ascertained.Results showed that compared with non-irrigation during the winter wheat growing period,irrigation increased the yield of winter wheat in NCP by 32.0%-38.3%,and reduced the WUE by 27.1%-30.1%.The yield increment due to irrigation in the northwest of NCP(39.6%-53.5%)with total precipitation during the winter wheat growing period below 150mm was higher than that in the southeast of NCP(24.3%-27.1%)with total precipitation during the winter wheat growing period higher than 150mm,while the decrease of WUE due to irrigation in northwest of NCP(32.4%-37.5%)was higher than that in the southeast of NCP(22.0%-24.3%).The optimum irrigation amount for high yield and WUE of winter wheat was 150-180mm in the northwest and 120-150mm in the southeast.Specifically,for different precipitation year types,the optimum irrigation amounts were 120-150mm with 2 times during jointing and flowering stages for dry year,during jointing and heading stages for normal year,and during jointing and booting stages for wet year.For different soil texture,irrigation under loamy soil had the highest increases in yield,while clay soil had the lowest decreases in WUE;the optimum irrigation a

关 键 词：华北冬小麦 产量 水分利用效率 协同提升 META分析方法 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S274