职业阶层社会思想与魏玛共和国的社会政治运动  

The Thoughts on Professional Hierarchical Society and the Social and Political Movements During the Weimar Republic

作　　者：孙红国 SUN Hong-guo(Faculty of Political Science and Law,Huizhou University,Huizhou 516000,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州学院政法学院,广东惠州516000

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2022年第3期120-124,共5页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：惠州学院2021年通识课程群建设项目“世界文明与历史”(15109210163)。

摘　　要：德语中的职业一词有着丰富的历史文化内涵,它从一个基督教的神学用语,经过马丁路德和费希特等德国思想家的引申发展之后,与德国社会分层紧密联系到一起,并演变为德意志文化特有的职业阶层社会思想,而且成为马丁路德宗教改革以来近现代德国社会分层思想的结晶,深刻的影响了魏玛共和国的社会政治运动,来自左右两翼的政治思想家们的著作中处处闪现着这一思想的影子,各大政治势力的宣传运动更是以此作为指导思想。虽然职业阶层社会思想是以前工业社会话语的形式呈现在世人面前,但它在当时却成为在竞争异常残酷的工业资本主义社会中特殊利益集团的一种利益表达形式,因此在魏玛共和国的社会政治建构中有着不可忽视的影响。The Germany word“Beruf”is of great significance in both history and culture。Originally as a word from theology,and with the development in the hands of German thinkers such as Martin Luther and Fichte,it became innerly interwined with the thoughts on social stratification in modern German history,and thus gave birth to the thoughts of professional hierarchical society,which became the outcome of German thinking on social stratification in modern and contemporary German history,and have great influence on the social and political movement during the Weimar Republic.It is deeply embedded in the writings of political thinkers from both the left and the right,while the propaganda of all the major parties saw it as the guiding ideology.Often seen as a pre-industrial word,the thoughts on professional hierarchical society became at that time a way of expressing interest requirement in the industrial capitalist society dubbed by fierce competition,whose influence on the construction of social politics during the Weimar Republic can hardly be ignored.

关 键 词：职业 职业阶层社会 魏玛共和国 

分 类 号：K516.43[历史地理—历史学]