大长隧道水压聚能光面爆破技术与应用  

Exploration and Application of Concentrated Water Pressure Smooth Blasting Technology in Large and Long Tunnel

作　　者：王晓勇 Wang Xiaoyong(China Railway 14th Bureau Group Fourth Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Ji'nan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁十四局集团第四工程有限公司,山东济南250002

出　　处：《科学技术创新》2022年第21期133-136,共4页Scientific and Technological Innovation

摘　　要：在隧道施工过程中爆破技术是控制超欠挖的重要手段之一,传统爆破的超欠挖问题一直比较突出,处理超欠挖耗费大量成本及时间,因此,亟需一种新型的爆破技术,该技术既保证爆破效果且成本低。在鲁家庄隧道使用的聚能水压光面爆破技术主要有以下研究成果:(1)通过减少炮孔数量,解决了隧道常规爆破掘进中周边眼药卷能量集中的问题,进而减少了爆破对围岩的干扰,侧面保证了隧道掘进的安全性;(2)周边眼数量一定时,通过减少单孔用药量、定向环切开挖轮廓线、通过水压扩大炸药的有效能量,提高了爆破效率,进而有效的控制超欠挖,减少隧道每循环掘进的时间,降低掘进的成本;(3)聚能管中的水袋在炸药起爆的瞬间冲入围堰缝隙从而产生“水楔”效应,水楔有助于加强爆破能量扩散的效果,同时水袋在高温高压下产生汽化又可降低爆破产生的有害粉尘,较少了洞内降尘措施及设备的大量投入。During the construction of the New Austrian Tunne,blasting technology is one of the important means to control over and under excavation.The problem of over and under excavation in traditional blasting has always been prominent,and it takes a lot of cost and time to deal with over and under excavation.Therefore,a new type of blasting technology is urgently needed.This technology not only guarantees blasting effect but also has low cost.The concentrated water pressure smooth blasting technology used in the Lujiazhuang tunnel mainly has the following research results:(1)By reducing the number of blasting holes,the problem of energy concentration in the surrounding eye drops in the conventional blasting of the tunnel is solved,and the blasting is reduced.The interference to the surrounding rock side ensures the safety of tunnel excavation;(2)When the number of peripheral eyes is constant,the effective energy of the explosive can be improved by reducing the dosage of single-hole medicine,directional ring cutting and excavating the contour line,and expanding the effective energy of the explosive through water pressure.Blasting efficiency,and then effectively control over-under-excavation,reduce the tunnel excavation time per cycle,and have a positive effect on reducing construction costs;(3)The water bag in the energy collecting tube produces a"water wedge"effect at the moment when the explosive is detonated.It helps to strengthen the effect of blasting energy diffusion.At the same time,the vaporization of the water bag under high temperature and high pressure can reduce the harmful dust generated by blasting,reduce the large investment in dust suppression measures and equipment in the cave,and play a good role in the rational use of construction space.

关 键 词：爆破原理 光面爆破 爆破比较 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]