南疆地区春玉米脱水特征与适宜收获期研究  

Study on Dehydration Characteristics and Suitable Harvest Time of Spring Maize in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：刘国宏[1] 朱锦泉 付彦博[1] 扁青永 魏亚媛 李青军[1,3] LIU Guohong;ZHU Jinquan;FU Yanbo;BIAN Qingyong;WEI Yayuan;LI Qingjun(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water-Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi Aksu Xinjiang 843000,China;Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站,新疆阿克苏843000 [3]农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第7期837-845,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202003);新疆“天池博士计划”项目。

摘　　要：2019-2020年调查52个玉米品种,按生理成熟时间顺序分为9月初(PD1)、9月中旬(PD2)、9月末(PD3)和10月初(PD4)4个生理成熟段,分析不同阶段成熟的玉米品种生理成熟期籽粒含水率差异和生理成熟后脱水速率,以此分析不同成熟阶段玉米适宜机械粒收时期。结果表明:春玉米籽粒脱水分为快速脱水期和缓慢脱水期,其中快速脱水期日均脱水速率达0.388%~0.850%、缓慢脱水期脱水速率达0.051%~0.501%,且不同生理成熟段籽粒含水率差异不显著。PD1、PD2、PD3、PD4成熟段玉米籽粒含水率由28%降至20%历时时间分别为14~15 d、32~35 d、31~34 d、46~50 d,所有玉米成熟所需时间约14~50 d。研究建立籽粒含水率动态变化及其适宜机械粒收时间的预测方法,为南疆地区合理配置玉米粒收品种及确定适宜机械粒收时间提供了可行的技术方法。The high moisture content of seeds during harvesting results in a large amount of broken grains during mechanical harvesting,which is a key problem that hampers the promotion of technology for mechanical grain harvesting.Maize in southern Xinjiang physiologically matures from early September to early October.In this study,52 maize varieties at different maturity stages were studied from 2019 to 2020,and were categorized into early September(PD1),mid-September(PD2),late September(PD3),and early October(PD4)according to the order of physiological maturity time.The aim of this study is to analyze the differences of content of kernel moisture and the rate of dehydration which matured at different physiological maturity periods,so as to determine the suitable periods for mechanical grain harvesting of maize at different stages of maturity.The results showed that the content of seed moisture at different maturity stages varied in a two-stage linear model,which contained periods of fast and slow dehydration.An analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that the content of seed moisture at different stages of the physiological maturity had no significant differrence(P>0.05).The moisture content of maize seeds were reduced from 28%to 20%on 14-15 d,32-35 d,31-34 d,and 46-50 d for PD1,PD2,PD3,and physiological maturity time of PD4,respectively,and all the physiological maturity time for maize was 14-50 d.This study established the prediction method of dynamic changes of seed moisture content and its suitable time for mechanical grain harvesting,which provides a feasible technical method for rational allocation of maize grain harvesting and determination of suitable time for mechanical grain harvesting in southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：春玉米 生理成熟期 脱水速率 适宜收获期 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]