板结皮质文物回软保护新方法的研究  

Research on a new method for the conservation of aged leather relics

作　　者：雷凯鑫 闫海虹 孙丽娟[1] LEI Kaixin;YAN Haihong;SUN Lijuan(School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第3期1-7,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目资助(2016H003);陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目资助(16JZ072);陕西省2011协同创新中心科研启动项目资助(338050015);陕西省大学生创新项目资助(S201910697036)。

摘　　要：皮革制品在我国使用范围广泛,历史悠久,但由于其主要成分是蛋白质、脂类等有机物,容易受埋藏条件(土壤、微生物、地下水等)和馆藏环境(温湿度、光照、微生物、有害气体等)影响而产生一系列的病害(板结、虫蛀、糟朽、变形、变色、破损、缺失等),其中以板结病害最为普遍,危害较为严重。为了探究板结皮质文物的回软保护方法,以人工老化现代羊皮为样品,通过配制不同配方回软剂对其进行回软,测试皮革样品回软前后的柔软度、质量、尺寸变化数据并分析扫描电镜下的微观结构,对不同回软剂的回软效果进行对比。研究结果表明,配比为羊毛脂∶司班-80∶硅油∶水=10∶1∶1.5∶50和配比为羊毛脂∶SDBS∶硅油∶水=10∶1∶1.5∶50的回软剂对板结皮革的回软效果明显,可以在板结皮革文物的保护中推广应用。Leather products have a long history of wide use in China,but due to their main components being proteins,lipids and other organic compounds,they are easily affected by burial conditions(soil,microorganisms and underground water,etc.)or museum environments(temperature,humidity,light,microorganisms and harmful gases,etc.)and thus suffer from a series of diseases(hardening,insect decay,rot,deformation,discoloration,damage and loss,etc.),among which hardening is the most common and serious.To explore the conservation methods for softening hardened leather relics,artificially-aged modern sheepskins were used as the samples to be softened by different formulae of softening agents.In order to compare the softening effects of different softening agents,the softness,mass and dimensional change data of leather samples before and after softening were tested,and the microstructures observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were analyzed.The results show that the softening agents with the ratio of lanolin∶Span-80∶silicone oil∶water=10∶1∶1.5∶50 and the ratio of lanolin∶SDBS∶silicone oil∶water=10∶1∶1.5∶50 have obvious softening effects on the hardened leather samples,and could be widely used for the conservation of hardened leather cultural relics.

关 键 词：皮革 板结 回软 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]