红壤侵蚀退化坡面植被恢复过程中的水土保持效益演变  

Evolution of Soil and Water Conservation Benefits in the Process of Vegetation Restoration on Slope of Eroded and Degraded Red Soil

作　　者：黄博文 查瑞波 毛兰花 吴洁玲 刘家明[1,3] HUANG Bowen;ZHA Ruibo;MAO Lanhua;WU Jieling;LIU Jiaming(College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007;College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007;State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学旅游学院,福州350007 [3]湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350007

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第4期135-142,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理”(2017YFC05054);国家科技支撑计划项目“福建红壤区生态修复和持续经营关键技术集成和示范”(2014BAD15B02)。

摘　　要：为探究花岗岩红壤侵蚀退化坡面植草措施实施中植被在不同生长阶段水土保持效益的演变规律,设置条带型(D1)、随机型(D2)、斑块型(D3)3种不同植草格局坡面,并以侵蚀退化裸地坡面(CK)作为对照开展试验,在天然降雨条件下监测整个植被生长过程中的坡面土壤侵蚀变化特征。结果表明:(1)植被的生长可显著提升坡面的水土保持能力,随着植被生长阶段的推进,坡面的产流产沙量明显下降,减流效益达20.74%~79.03%,减沙效益达97.42%~99.40%,但在不同降雨类型下,随着植被生长,坡面减流减沙效益表现出的递增变化规律具有差异。(2)植被生长能逐渐削弱降雨因素对坡面产沙的影响,使得坡面减沙率在不同雨型间的差异逐渐减小,最终稳定在一个较高水平,不同雨型间坡面减流率的差异在植被生长各时期皆较大。减流率、减沙率与植被生长时间二者之间存在对数函数关系,相关系数分别大于0.491和0.792。植被生长指标(分蘖数、盖度、株高)与坡面产流产沙量之间呈显著或极显著负相关关系。(3)从整个植被生长过程来看,3种植草格局的水土保持效益大小表现为D1>D3>D2,在植被生长的前期以及前中期,高植株密度的分布格局强于低植株密度分布格局,后期各格局差异较小。研究结果为南方红壤水土流失区严重侵蚀退化地植被恢复提供科学依据及技术支撑。In order to explore the evolution of soil and water conservation benefits of vegetation at different growth stages during the implementation of grass planting measures on granite red soil erosion and degraded slopes,this study set up three different grass planting patterns,including strip type(D1),random type(D2),patch type(D3),and an eroded degraded bare slope(CK)as the control to conduct experiments.The characteristics of slope soil erosion during the whole vegetation growth process were monitored under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that:(1)The growth of vegetation could significantly improve the soil and water conservation ability of slope.With the advancement of vegetation growth stage,the runoff and sediment yield of slope decreased obviously.The runoff reduction benefit could reach from 20.74%to 79.03%,and sediment reduction benefit could reach from 97.42%to 99.40%.Under different rainfall types,with the growth of vegetation,the increasing and changing laws of the benefits of runoff and sediment reduction on the slope were different.(2)Vegetation growth could gradually weaken the influence of rainfall factors on slope sediment yield,so that the difference in slope sediment reduction rate between different rainfall patterns gradually decreased,and sediment reduction finally stabilized at a high level.The difference of runoff reduction rate on the slope between different rain types was large in each vegetation growth period.There was a logarithmic function relationship between runoff reduction rate,sediment reduction rate and vegetation growth time,with correlation coefficients greater than 0.491 and 0.792,respectively.Vegetation growth indicators(tiller number,coverage,plant height)were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the runoff and sediment yield of slope.(3)From the perspective of the entire vegetation growth process,the order of 3 grass planting pattern for soil and water conservation benefits was D1>D3>D2.In the early stage of vegetation growth,the dis

关 键 词：植被生长阶段 天然降雨 不同植草格局 红壤侵蚀退化地 水土保持效益 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]