基于Copula分析生态恢复对黄土高原水沙频率耦合关系的影响  

Variation of Frequency Coupling Between Streamflow and Sediment Responses to Ecological Restoration Based on Copula Function in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：薛帆 易海杰 宋松柏[3] 张晓萍 XUE Fan;YI Haijie;SONG Songbai;ZHANG Xiaoping(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第4期219-227,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877083,41440012,41230852)。

摘　　要：为探讨黄土高原水土流失持续治理(P1,1960—1979年;P2,1980—1999年)及退耕还林(草)(P3,2000—2019年)不同阶段水、沙频率耦合特征及演变,基于典型黄土丘陵沟壑区北洛河上游刘家河站1960—2019年的径流量与输沙量实测日数据,采用Copula函数等方法进行水、沙频率统计和模拟。结果表明:(1)Gumbel-Houggar Copula函数能很好地模拟上游水、沙联合概率分布。(2)从P1~P3阶段,5~100年各重现期径流、输沙数量均显著降低,各设计频率的水沙数量在发生概率上的异步性增强。(3)水土流失治理和生态环境建设对黄土高原生态水文过程的影响主要表现在大幅降低20年以上重现期水、沙极端事件发生的概率。黄土高原大幅度的生态恢复在区域尺度上已经表现出减水更减沙、调节水、沙极端事件发生概率等良好的生态功能。In order to explore variation characteristics of frequency coupling between streamflow and sediment in the period 1 of base(1960—1979),period 2 of comprehensive harness of soil and water conservation(1980—1999)and period 3 of the Grain for Green project(2000—2019)in the Loess Plateau,the study based on measured daily data of streamflow and sediment from 1960 to 2019 at Liujiahe hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Beiluo River Basin in the Loess hilly and gully region,and copula function were used for frequency statistics and simulation of streamflow and sediment.The results indicated that:(1)The Gumbel-Houggard Copula function could well simulate the joint probability distribution of streamflow and sediment.(2)Streamflow and sediment transport decreased significantly in each return period in 5 to 100 years.The asynchronous probability of both rich and poor enhanced at each design frequency from period 1 to period 3.(3)The impact of soil erosion control and ecological environment construction on the ecohydrological process of the Loess Plateau was mainly reflected in greatly reducing the probability of extreme runoff and sediment events in the return period of more than 20 years.Great improvement in the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau has already demonstrated the ecological functions on a regional scale in reducing streamflow and sediment and adjusting the probability of extreme runoff and sediment events.

关 键 词：水沙频率耦合关系 COPULA函数 多时间尺度 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]