灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Irrigation Amount on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Spring Maize Growth

作　　者：张美桃 杨培岭[1] 任树梅[1] 徐子昂 魏琛琛 贺新[1] ZHANG Meitao;YANG Peiling;REN Shumei;XU Ziang;WEI Chenchen;HE Xin(Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083;Wuhan Qingshan District Water and Lakes Bureau, Wuhan 430080)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]武汉市青山区水务和湖泊局,武汉430080

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第4期290-298,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0408703);国家自然科学基金项目(51879263,51679239,51909265);兵团财政科技计划项目(2021DB017)。

摘　　要：在大田试验的基础上探明灌溉水盐分以及灌水量对土壤水盐分布的影响规律以及对春玉米生长的影响。以河套灌区春玉米为研究对象,设置2种灌溉水含盐量(1.1,5.0 g/L)与3种灌水量(210,255,300 mm)进行大田试验。结果表明,至成熟期,5.0 g/L微咸水灌溉处理0—100 cm土层土壤平均含水量及电导率相比1.1 g/L地下水灌溉处理显著增加;地下水灌溉处理中,随着灌水量的增加,生育期内土壤平均含水量下降趋势减小,土壤盐分淋洗作用更加明显;微咸水灌溉处理中,剖面土壤在灌水量少时出现盐分表聚现象,随着灌水量的增加,表层土壤盐分呈下降趋势,深层土壤由于盐分的积累呈增加趋势;在灌水后表层的土壤含水量变化明显且出现返盐现象,微咸水灌溉处理中土壤水分水平运移及深层土壤盐分累积更明显;在地下水和微咸水灌溉处理中,灌水量的增加能够显著提高玉米产量,但255,300 mm灌水量处理间差异不显著,微咸水灌溉条件下春玉米的产量较地下水灌溉条件下显著降低。综上所述,在地下水和微咸水灌溉条件下,255 mm灌水量既能适合春玉米生长,又能保证产量,可作为较好的灌溉定额选择,能够同时满足保障灌区作物生产和节约淡水资源的要求。Based on the field experiment,the effects of irrigation water salinity and irrigation amount on soil water and salt distribution and spring maize yield were explored.Taking spring maize in Hetao Irrigation District as the research object,two irrigation waters(1.1,5.0 g/L)and three irrigation amounts(210,255,300 mm)were set up for field experiments.The results showed that at maturity,the average water content and soil conductivity of 0—100 cm soil layer under 5 g/L brackish water irrigation were significantly higher than those under groundwater irrigation.In groundwater irrigation,with the increase of irrigation amounts,the decreasing trend of soil average water content in growth period decreased,and the leaching effect of soil salt was more obvious.In brackish water irrigation,when the amount of irrigation was small,the surface accumulation of soil salt appeared.With the increase of irrigation amounts,the salt content of surface soil decreased,and more salt accumulated in the deep soil.After irrigation,the surface soil water content changed obviously and there was a phenomenon of salt return,and the horizontal movement of soil water and the accumulation of deep soil salt were more obvious in brackish water irrigation.In groundwater and brackish water irrigation,the increase of irrigation could significantly improve the yield of maize,but there was no significant difference between 255 mm and 300 mm treatments.Compared with groundwater irrigation,brackish water irrigation significantly reduced the yield of spring maize.In conclusion,under the conditions of groundwater and brackish water irrigation,255 mm irrigation water could not only be suitable for the growth of spring maize,but also ensure the yield.It could be used as a better irrigation quota and meet the requirements of ensuring crop production and saving fresh water resources in the irrigation area.

关 键 词：河套灌区 水盐动态 春玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S155.44[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]