浅埋滴灌水氮钾互作对春玉米水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water,Nitrogen and Potassium Interaction on Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation

作　　者：王子豪 尹光华[1] 谷健[1] 王士杰 马宁宁[1] 周旭 刘泳圻 赵旺 WANG Zihao;YIN Guanghua;GU Jian;WANG Shijie;MA Ningning;ZHOU Xu;LIU Yongqi;ZHAO Wang(Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;Jiangsu Xuzhou Engineering Investigation Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000;College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏省徐州工程勘察院股份有限公司,江苏徐州221000 [4]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第4期316-324,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090200,XDA28120100);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC1907106);中国博士后基金项目(2018M641708)。

摘　　要：为揭示浅埋滴灌水肥互作对春玉米水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响,采用二次回归正交设计,以灌水量(W)、施氮量(N)、施钾量(K)为自变量,WUE为因变量,于2017—2020年开展了不同水肥用量组合对浅埋滴灌春玉米WUE影响的田间试验。结果表明:单因子作用下,WUE随水肥用量的提高均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,影响大小为W>N>K;2个因子互作时,WN、WK、NK对WUE的影响均呈1个凸面趋势变化,且存在最大值,影响大小为WN>NK>WK;W、N、K 3个因子共同作用时,WUE随W、N、K 3个因子编码水平的共同提高呈先升高后降低的趋势变化,中水中肥较低水低肥和高水高肥用量组合可获得较高WUE。通过模型寻优,得出在灌溉量为43.25~58.87 mm、施氮量为229.93~382.97 kg/hm^(2)、施钾量为104.94~148.49 kg/hm^(2)条件下,可获得较高WUE(≥25.00 kg/(hm^(2)·mm))。研究结果可为试验区春玉米浅埋滴灌水肥优化管理、水分高效利用提供科学依据。In order to reveal the impact of water and fertilizer interactions of shallow-buried drip irrigation on the water use efficiency(WUE)of spring maize,a field experiment on the effects of different water and fertilizers combinations on WUE of spring maize under shallow-buried drip irrigation was carried out in 2017—2020 by using quadratic regression orthogonal test design,with irrigation amount(W),nitrogen application rate(N)and potassium application rate(K)as independent variables and WUE as dependent variables.The results showed that under the action of single factor,WUE increased first and then decreased with increasing of water and fertilizer consumption,and the degree of influence followed the order of W>N>K.When the two factors interact,the influence of WN,WK and NK on WUE showed a convex trend,and there was a maximum value,and the degree of influence was WN>NK>WK.When the three factors of W,N and K interacted together,WUE increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the coding level of W,N and K.The treatments of middle-water-fertilizer could get higher WUE compared with the treatments of low-water-fertilizer and high-water-fertilizer.By the model optimization,it was concluded that higher WUE(≥25.00 kg/(hm^(2)·mm))could be obtained under the conditions of irrigation rate of 43.25 to 58.87 mm,nitrogen application rate of 229.93 to 382.97 kg/hm^(2) and potassium application rate of 104.94 to 148.49 kg/hm^(2).This study provided a scientific basis for optimizing the management of water and fertilizer under shallow-buried drip irrigation and obtaining high-efficiency use of water for spring maize in the experimental area.

关 键 词：浅埋滴灌 春玉米 水肥互作 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]