基于土壤相对凋萎湿度构建的干旱监测指标在云南的应用分析  

Application of drought monitoring index constructed based on soil relative wilting moisture in Yunnan

作　　者：马思源 何雨芩[1] 金燕[1,2] 张明达 闫伟兄[3] 范立张 MA Siyuan;HE Yuqin;JIN Yan;ZHANG Mingda;YAN Weixiong;FAN Lizhang(Yunnan Climate Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China;Key Laboratory of Monitoring, Warningand Risk Management of Characteristic Agrometeorological Disasters in Arid Regions, ChinaMeteorological Administration, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China;Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China)

机构地区：[1]云南省气候中心,云南昆明650034 [2]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [3]宁夏回族自治区气象科学研究所,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第4期255-264,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J058);中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室开放研究项目(CAMF-202004);云南省气象局科研项目(QZ202105)。

摘　　要：在分析云南土壤水文参数的基础上,构建基于土壤相对凋萎湿度的干旱监测指标I_(RWM),并分析其在云南地区的适用性。结果表明:云南0~20 cm土层土壤水文参数空间分布较为一致,土壤水分利用率总体呈现东高西低,南高北低的特点;从I_(RWM)指标来看,云南轻旱、中旱、重旱和特旱上限对应的土壤相对湿度分别为45.6%、36.5%、27.5%和18.4%;当大部地区土壤相对湿度低于60%时,云南发生中等干旱灾害的可能极大;云南的西部边缘地区对土壤水分更为敏感,有旱情发展波动大的特点;在干旱监测中,I_(RWM)指标能够降低极端降水对旱情监测的干扰,且对干旱灾害的描述与实际更接近。综合来看,I_(RWM)指标在云南的适用性优于MCI指数。By analyzing the hydrogeological parameters of Yunnan soil,the drought monitoring index I_(RWM) based on soil relative wilting moisture was constructed in this paper,and its applicability in Yunnan region was analyzed.The results indicated that the spatial distribution characteristics of the hydrogeological parameters about Yunnan 0~20 cm soil were consistent relatively,which was the utilization rate of soil moisture was higher in east and lower in west,and higher in south and lower in north generally.In terms of the I_(RWM),the corresponding upper line indexes of light drought,moderate drought,severe drought and extreme drought in Yunnan were 45.6%,36.5%,27.5%and 18.4%soil moisture respectively,and the moderate drought was very likely to occur when the relative soil moisture was lower than 60%in most parts of Yunnan.The western edge of Yunnan soil was more sensitive to moisture,and it has the characteristic of high fluctuation of drought.I_(RWM) reduced the interference of extreme precipitation in drought monitoring,and its description on drought disaster was more accurate than MCI.To sum up,the applicability of I_(RWM) was superior to MCI in Yunnan.

关 键 词：干旱监测 土壤水文参数 土壤相对凋萎湿度 MCI指数 云南省 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护]