新中国成立以来谷子育种的主要研究进展  

The Progress of Foxtail Millet Breeding in China

作　　者：程汝宏[1] 张婷[1] 王根平[1] 罗焱杰 CHENG Ru-hong;ZHANG Ting;WANG Gen-ping;LUO Yan-jie(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/National Millet Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050035,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所,国家谷子改良中心,河北省杂粮研究实验室,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《粮油食品科技》2022年第4期68-75,共8页Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2019YFD1001700);河北省重点研发计划(19226378D);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-06-14.5-A5);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-GZS-1);河北现代种业科技创新团队(21326302D)。

摘　　要：了解谷子育种研究发展,对指导谷子育种和研究具有重要参考意义。综述了我国谷子育种发展的几个阶段以及各阶段育种目标和代表性品种。新中国建立后到新世纪之前的谷子育种目标大致可分为2个阶段:高产育种阶段(1950—1985年)和高产多抗兼顾优质阶段(1986—2000年)。2001年之后的新世纪以来,我国谷子育种目标和育种手段发生了重大变化,大致分为3个阶段:(1)2001—2008年的第一阶段突破了优质与高产的矛盾,育成了一级优质的冀谷19、长农35号,在区域试验中产量较高产对照增产10%以上;育成了第一个抗烯禾啶除草剂杂交种张杂谷3号、第一个抗烯禾啶除草剂多系品种冀谷25。(2)2009—2018年的第二阶段突破了光温敏感限制,育成了在4个生态区均能应用的优质广适品种豫谷18;区域试验参试品种50%抗除草剂,并育成冀谷39、金苗K1、张杂谷13等聚合优质、广适、抗除草剂、适合机械化生产等优良性状的突破性品种;育成抗咪唑乙烟酸、抗烟嘧磺隆的新型抗除草剂品种,高谷蛋白品种、高抗性淀粉品种等专用品种。(3)2018年之后的第三阶段区域试验中抗除草剂品种占89%,育成了抗嘧草硫醚新型除草剂品种;同时抗除草剂品种得到广泛应用,全国年推广面积前5位的谷子品种有4个为抗除草剂类型;生物育种取得初步进展,建立了谷子高效遗传转化体系,分子标记辅助育成高油酸品种,基因编辑创制出单倍体诱导系等新材料。Understanding the breeding and research history of Foxtail millet has important significance for guiding future breeding and research.In this paper,several Foxtail millet breeding development stages in our country as well as the breeding targets and representative varieties of each stage are reviewed.From the founding of People's Republic of China to new century,the goals of Foxtail millet breeding can be roughly divided into two stages:high-yield breeding stage(1950-1985)and high-yield,multi-resistance and high-quality stage(1986-2000).In the new century since 2001,the millet breeding goals and breeding methods have undergone major changes,which can be roughly divided into three stages.The first stage is from 2001 to 2008,which broke through the contradiction between high quality and high yield.A series of representative varieties were bred at this stage,including first class high quality Jigu 19 and Changnong 35 whose yield in the regional test increased by more than 10%compared to the control,the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant hybrid variety Zhangzagu No.3,and the first sethoxydim herbicide-resistant multi-line variety Jigu 25.The second stage is from 2009 to 2018,which broke through the limitation of light and temperature sensitivity.The high quality and widely suitable variety Yugu 18 was bred,which can be used in 4 ecological regions.50%of the tested varieties in the regional test at this stage were resistant to herbicide.The representative varieties such as Jigu 39,Jinmiao K1,and Zhangzagu 13 have high quality,broad adaptability,herbicide-resistance,and suitability for mechanized production.Some new varieties,such as herbicide-resistant varieties with resistance to imazethapyr and nicosulfuron,high glutenin varieties,and high resistant starch varieties,were bred at this stage.The third stage is after 2018.The herbicide-resistant varieties in the regional test increased to 89%.They were widely used,and 4 of Top 5 lagest planting area varieties in the country were herbicide-resistant.The new herbicide-

关 键 词：谷子育种 育种进展 育种目标 品种 高产 抗除草剂 生物育种 

分 类 号：TS213[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] S-1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]