基于北京和昆明海拔条件下的国Ⅵ混合动力车实际道路排放特性研究  

Real Driving Emission Characteristics of ChinaⅥHybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Altitude Conditions in Beijing and Kunming

作　　者：郑丰 赵海光 吉江林 尹航[3,4] 丁焰[3,4] 李加强[1,2] ZHENG Feng;ZHAO Haiguang;JI Jianglin;YIN Hang;DING Yan;LI Jiaqiang(School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Lab of Vehicle Emission and Safety on Plateau Mountain,Yunnan Provincial department of Education,Kunming 650224,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Vehicle Emission Control Center,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学机械与交通学院,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省高校高原山区机动车环保与安全重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [4]中国环境科学研究院机动车排污监控中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第7期1581-1588,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51968065);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(No.2021Y221)。

摘　　要：为研究国Ⅵ混合动力车在北京和昆明海拔条件下的实际道路排放特性差异,在北京和昆明使用便携式车载排放测试系统(portable emissions measurement system,PEMS)对一辆国Ⅵ混合动力车进行实际道路行驶排放测试.基于实际道路测试的数据,分析了混合动力车在市区、市郊和高速3种类型道路的排放特征,并利用移动平均窗口法和算术平均法计算了混合动力车的排放因子.结果表明:(1)在3种道路类型中一氧化碳(CO)排放速率和颗粒物数量(PN)瞬态数值均出现明显的波动,峰值分别达0.18 g/s和3.75×10^(11)个/s,CO排放速率的波动主要集中在高速路,而PN瞬态数值的波动集中在市区和市郊路.混合动力车的氮氧化物(NO_(x))排放速率波动主要出现在市区路,且最大值为0.016 g/s.(2)由于海拔和工况的影响,与混合动力车在北京的污染物排放测试结果相比,在昆明混合动力车的CO排放因子增加了85%,而NO_(x)和PN排放因子分别下降了37%和27%.(3)分别采用移动平均窗口法和算术平均法(代表车辆原始排放结果)对污染物排放进行计算,发现在北京两种算法的结果差异较小,在昆明混合动力车使用算术平均法计算的CO、NO_(x)和PN污染物排放因子结果比移动平均窗口法分别高88%、82%和69%,即在高海拔地区(昆明)混合动力车使用移动平均窗口法计算污染物排放与其原始排放差异较大.(4)尽管测试城市海拔升高,车辆风阻和滑行阻力随之减小,但在市区路和市郊路上工况对混合动力车CO_(2)排放的影响大于海拔的影响,混合动力车在昆明的油耗有所增加,CO_(2)排放因子增加了17%.研究显示,与北京相比,混合动力车在昆明行驶时CO和CO_(2)排放因子均有所上升,而NO_(x)和PN的排放因子有所降低.In order to analyze the real-world emission characteristics of ChinaⅥhybrid electric vehicle under the altitude conditions of Beijing and Kunming,a hybrid electric vehicle with ChinaⅥemission standard was tested in Beijing and Kunming using Portable Emission Measurement Systems(PEMS).Based on the real-world emission test data,the emission characteristics of hybrid electric vehicle on urban,rural and highway roads were analyzed,and emissions of the tested vehicle were estimated using the moving window approach and arithmetic averaging method.The results demonstrated that:(1)The carbon monoxide(CO)and particle numbers(PN)emission rates on the three road types varied significantly,with peak values of 0.18 g/s and 3.75×10^(11) partical per second,respectively.The fluctuation of CO emission mainly happened on highways,whereas PN emission mainly occurred on urban and rural roads.The fluctuation of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)) emission mainly occurred on urban roads,and the maximum value was 0.016 g/s.(2)Due to effect of altitude and working conditions,CO emission factors of the tested vehicle in Kunming increased by 85%compared to Beijing,while the NO_(x) and PN emission factors decreased by 37%and 27%,respectively.(3)The pollutant emissions were calculated using the moving window approach and the arithmetic average method(representing the original vehicle emission results).The results show that the emissions calculated by the two algorithms in Beijing were very similar.However,in Kunming,the CO,NO_(x) and PN emission factors calculated using the arithmetic average method were 88%,82%and 69%higher than those determined by the moving window approach,respectively.That is,at high altitudes(Kunming),the pollutant emissions of the tested vehicle using the moving window approach differ significantly from the original emissions of the tested vehicle.(4)The influence of working conditions on the CO_(2) emission factors of the tested vehicle on urban and rural roads was greater than the effect of altitude,resulting in an increa

关 键 词：实际道路排放 不同海拔 混合动力车 排放因子 移动平均窗口法 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]