基因组时代-麦类基因组学研究现状及趋势  

The Era Genomics:Current Status and Future Trend of Genomics Research Triticeae Crops

作　　者：葸玮 郝晨阳[3] 李甜[3] 刘云川 焦成智 王化俊[1,2] 张学勇 XI Wei;HAO Chen-yang;LI Tian;LIU Yun-chuan;JIAO Cheng-zhi;WANG Hua-jun;ZHANG Xue-yong(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement&Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement,Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室/国家作物基因资源与遗传改良重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第4期929-942,共14页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172045)。

摘　　要：麦类作物主要包括普通小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦及小黑麦等物种,伴随着人类文明超过一万年,作为主粮以及能源物质,在人类生活中扮演着不可或缺的角色。为了实现农业现代化,研究主要麦类作物就尤为重要。麦类作物普遍具有复杂庞大的参考基因组(序列大小大于5.1G,80%的重复序列),相比于水稻、玉米等作物来说,基因组学的研究内容相对滞后。但是随着测序技术的快速发展,测序成本的大大降低,国内外麦类作物的研究迈入了基因组学的全新时代,推动了分子细胞学、群体遗传学、表观基因组学、泛基因组学等方面的研究并取得了重大突破。人们对于麦类作物的基因组变异和遗传选择有了更深刻的认知,为研究麦类作物的起源与演变、品种改良以及优异等位变异、结构变异和优良性状基因的克隆等提供了科学的理论依据和指导。本文就近些年来基因组学时代主要麦类作物的研究现状及趋势进行概述,结合国际前沿动态,对本领域后基因组时代的研究热点提出了展望。Triticeae crops mainly include common wheat,barley,rye,oat and Triticale etc.With more than 10000 years of human civilization,as the main food and energy material,it has played an indispensable role in human life.In order to realize agricultural modernization,it is particularly important to study the main wheat crops.These species usually host a complex genome with huge size(>5.1Gb,with>80%repetitive elements),thus resulting in establishment of high-quality genome reference behind other cereal crops such as rice and maize.Taking advantage of achievement on sequencing methodologies along with dramatic decrease on the sequence cost,at home and abroad studies of the Triticeae genomics have become reasonable,and breakthroughs in molecular cytology,population genetics,pangenomics,and epigenomics have been made.People have a deeper understanding of the genome variation and genetic selection of Triticeaet crops,which provides scientific theoretical basis and guidance for the study of the origin and evolution of Triticeae crops,variety improvement,excellent allelic variation,structural variation and cloning of excellent genes.This mini-review summarizes current status and research trends in the Triticeae genomics in the past few years,and proposes the hotspots in post-genomics era in Triticeae crops.

关 键 词：麦类作物 基因组时代 泛基因组 后基因组 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]