小麦异源易位系诱致方法及应用研究进展  

Progress on Induction and Application of Wheat Alien Chromosome Translocation Lines

作　　者：曹亚萍 武银玉 刘博 范绍强 CAO Ya-ping;WU Yin-yu;LIU Bo;FAN Shao-qiang(Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,临汾041000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第4期943-953,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然基金支持和培育项目(YGJPY2003)。

摘　　要：小麦属内遗传基础狭窄和多样性种质资源匮乏是小麦遗传改良的瓶颈,利用近缘物种有益基因拓宽小麦遗传资源,是发掘小麦新种质的重要途径。染色体工程是将小麦外源靶向基因渗入小麦的有效方法,部分同源重组诱导体系和电离辐射是创制小麦异源易位系的两种高效技术,可以在短期内诱致大量染色体结构变异,得到了广泛研究和应用。本文重点综述了中国春ph1b突变体和^(60)Co-γ射线辐射两种常用的诱变方法及特点,并简述了其在小麦种质创新上的应用进展。上述诱变技术与寡核苷酸探针FISH相结合将加快外源基因向小麦中的渐渗与精准鉴定,提高染色体工程效率。本研究为进一步发掘和利用外源优异基因,拓宽栽培小麦种质资源并开展相关遗传学和基因组学研究提供了重要参考。The narrow genetic basis is the major bottleneck for wheat genetic improvement.To broaden wheat genetic resources by using beneficial genes from related species is an important way to produce new wheat germplasm resource.Chromosome engineering is an effective approach to introgress wheat foreign targeted genes into wheat genomes.Homoeologous recombination and ionizing radiation are two high-effective techniques for inducing wheat alien chromosome translocations,both of which can induce chromosome structural variations in a short period of time and have been widely used in practice.This study briefly reviewed the progress of Chinese Spring ph1b mutant and ^(60)Co-γ-ray irradiation on mutagenesis characteristics and application in wheat germplasm innovation.Combination of oligonucleotide FISH will facilitate introgression and accurate identification of alien genes,as well as improve the efficiency of chromosome engineering.This study provides useful information for further mining and application of wheat alien genes via chromosome engineering for broadening genetic basis and promoting studies in genetics and genomics of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 小麦近缘植物 ph1b诱变 电离辐射 寡核苷酸探针 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]