镍电解精炼过程中除铁工艺的研究及应用  

Study and application of iron removal technology in electrolytic refining of nickel

作　　者：张应婷 陈胜利 吕致振 ZHANG Ying-ting;CHEN Sheng-li;LYU Zhi-zhen(Nickel Smelter,Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang 737100,China)

机构地区：[1]金川集团股份有限公司镍冶炼厂,甘肃金昌737100

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2022年第3期36-42,共7页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：镍电解精炼主要原料硫化镍精矿中含有大量的杂质,如铁、铜、钴、铅、锌等,其中铁是镍电解精炼过程中最主要的杂质元素之一。硫化镍的电解精炼目前主要以可溶阳极电解和不溶阳极电积2个系统分别生产电解镍和电积镍,为防止杂质在阴极析出,影响电镍质量,必须要降低溶液的含铁量。本文进行了镍电解精炼除铁沉淀的热力学研究,介绍了中和水解法、黄钠铁矾法、赤铁矿法、针铁矿法4种镍湿法冶金生产中主要除铁工艺,分析镍精炼电解系统净化工序及镍电积系统浸出工序除铁的工业应用存在的问题以及4种除铁方法的优缺点,并对磁流体辅助化学沉淀法除铁工艺进行展望。As the main material for electrolytic refining of nickel,the nickel sulfide concentrate contains massive impurities,e.g.,iron,copper,cobalt,lead,zinc.Among these,iron is one of the major impurities during the electrolytic refining of nickel.Currently,the electrolytic refining of nickel sulfide mainly involves two systems,soluble-anode electrolysis and insoluble-anode electrodeposition,which produce electrolytic nickel and electrodeposited nickel respectively.To prevent impurity precipitation at the cathode,which will affect the quality of electrolytic nickel,it is necessary to reduce the iron content in the solution.In this paper,the thermodynamics of iron removal precipitation of electrolytic refining of nickel is discussed,also discussed are four major iron removal technologies used in the hydrometallurgy production of nickel,namely,neutralization hydrolysis process,sodium jarosite process,hematite process and goethite process.In addition,the existing problems in the industrial application of iron removal technologies in the purification process of the electrolytic refining of nickel system and in the leaching process of the nickel electrodeposition system,together with the advantages and disadvantages of the four iron removal methods were analyzed.A prospect about the iron removal technology based on the magnetofluidassisted chemical precipitation method was also provided.

关 键 词：镍电解精炼 硫化镍精矿 除铁工艺 赤铁矿 

分 类 号：TF815[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.25