铜渣中有价金属元素回收技术的研究现状及展望  

Research status and prospect of recycling technologies of valuable metallic elements from copper slag

作　　者：张淑会 王宝勇 兰臣臣 刘小杰 吕庆 ZHANG Shu-hui;WANG Bao-yong;LAN Chen-chen;LIU Xiao-jie;LYU Qing(College of Metallurgy and Engineering,North China University of Science and Engineering and Technology,Tangshan,063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2022年第3期84-93,共10页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：河北省钢铁联合研究基金资助项目(E2019209424)。

摘　　要：铜渣作为铜冶炼过程的副产物,是一种重要的二次矿产资源。铜渣中含有Fe、Cu及少量的Zn、Co、Ni等多种有价金属元素。分析了铜渣中主要有价元素的赋存状态和形貌,并综述了主要元素回收技术的研究现状。分析表明,铜渣中Fe元素的回收主要通过氧化焙烧富集Fe_(3)O_(4)或还原焙烧富集金属铁2种形式进行前期处理,再结合磁选或熔分等工艺进行;选矿法和电炉贫化法是回收铜熔炼渣中Cu元素的主要途径;采用回转窑或转底炉工艺可以使实现铜渣中Fe和Zn的协同回收。湿法浸出工艺可以分步或协同回收铜渣中的Fe、Cu和Zn元素,但该工艺流程长、存在一定的环境污染。文末对铜渣中有价元素的回收利用的潜在技术或方法进行了展望,指出利用熔融铜渣余热,开发新型高温改质剂与新型还原剂(生物质含碳还原剂、二次金属硅质热还原剂等)是铜渣中有价元素回收技术研究的新方向,可以实现铜渣再利用的节能降耗以及其它二次资源的协同再利用。As a by-product from copper smelting,copper slag is a kind of important secondary mineral resources.The copper slag contains Fe,Cu and a small amount of Zn,Co,Ni and other valuable metallic elements.Analysis is made for the occurrence and forms of the major valuable elements in the copper slag,and the current research status of the recycling technologies for major elements is reviewed.The analysis shows that the Fe element in copper slag is recycled mainly by the preliminary processing of the two forms of oxidizing-roasting enrichment of Fe_(3)O_(4) or reducing-roasting enrichment of iron metal,and by magnetic separation or smelting-separation and other technologies;the mineral processing method and electric furnace cleaning method are the major routes to recycle Cu element in copper smelting slag;the use of rotary kiln or rotary hearth furnace process can realize the collaborative recycling of Fe and Zn in the copper slag.By using the hydrometallurgical leaching process,the Fe,Cu and Zn elements in the copper slag can be recovered in steps or collaboratively,but this technology has long process flow and a certain environmental pollution.A prospect about the potential technologies or methods for recycling valuable elements in copper slag is made and it is pointed out that utilizing the waste heat of molten copper slag to develop new high-temperature modifiers and new reducing agents(biomass carbon-containing reducing agent,secondary metal siliceous thermal reducing agent,etc.)presents a new direction for the study on the recycling technology of valuable elements in copper slag,which can realize energy-saving and consumption reduction in copper slag recycling as well as the collaborative recycling of other secondary resources.

关 键 词：铜渣 有价金属 氧化焙烧 还原焙烧 资源利用 还原剂 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]