利用合成气生产生物基醇类化学品的研究进展  

Advances in Production of Bio-Based Alcoholic Chemicals from Syngas

作　　者：邓立康 刘佳昕 刘晓峰 吴又多[2] 程驰 薛闯[2] DENG Li-kang;LIU Jia-xin;LIU Xiao-feng;WU You-duo;CHENG Chi;XUE Chuang(SDIC Bio-Energy(Tieling)Co.Ltd.,Tieling 11270;Schl.of Bioengin.,Dalian Uni.of Technol.,Dalian 116024)

机构地区：[1]国投生物能源(铁岭)有限公司,辽宁铁岭112700 [2]大连理工大学生物工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2022年第3期110-119,共10页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：技术委托开发项目(HX20191258);国家自然科学基金项目(21808026);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M661100)。

摘　　要：以合成气为底物生产乙醇、丁醇、己醇等生物基醇类化学品可以降低原料成本,减轻对化石燃料的依赖,推动碳中和目标的实现。概述了产乙酸菌中能够利用合成气的Wood-Ljungdahl途径及该过程中产乙酸菌的能量节约机制,综述了产乙酸菌遗传操作工具的发展及代谢工程改造进展。大量研究揭示了发酵条件(如温度、pH、金属离子、有机氮源、硝酸盐等)对产乙酸菌生长及醇类产物合成具有复杂的影响。气体成分及气液传质效率也是影响合成气利用的重要因素。另外,指出了利用合成气生产生物基醇类化学品现存的瓶颈问题,并展望了未来的研究方向,包括开发产乙酸中的高效基因编辑方法,在模式菌株中构建合成气利用途径、优化温度、pH、反应器设计及利用廉价培养基进行发酵。Production of alcoholic chemicals from syngas by fermentation can reduce feedstock costs,alleviate the dependence on fossil fuels,and procure the goal of carbon neutrality.In this paper,Wood-Ljungdahl pathway adopting syngas-utilizing as well as the energy conservation mechanisms in acetogens were firstly described and summarized the development of genetic modification tools and advances in metabolic engineering of acetogens.Extensive studies have revealed that fermentation conditions(e.g.,temperature,pH,metal ions,organic nitrogen sources,nitrate,etc.)have complex effects on the growth of acetogens and the synthesis of alcoholic products.Syngas compositions and gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency are also important factors affecting the utilization of syngas.In addition,it is pointed out the existing bottlenecks in the production of bio-based alcoholic chemicals from syngas,and prospected future research directions,including the development of high-efficiency gene editing methods for acetogens,constructing syngas-utilizing pathways in model strain,optimizing temperature,pH,bioreactor design,and using cheap medium to carry out fermentation.

关 键 词：醇类化学品 合成气 产乙酸菌 Wood-Ljungdahl途径 代谢工程 发酵过程调控 

分 类 号：Q939.97[生物学—微生物学]