抗病毒药物在水环境中的污染现状及环境归趋  

Pollution status and environment trend of antiviral drugs in water environment

作　　者：吕璐皞 张稳乐 窦雪丹 罗朝晖[1] 陈丹[2] LYU Luhao;ZHANG Wenle;DOU Xuedan;LUO Zhaohui;CHEN Dan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210095,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,210098,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第6期1920-1933,共14页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900703)资助.

摘　　要：禽流感、埃博拉、HIV等病毒的传播也使得对抗病毒药物(ATVs)的消费量的增加,这些药物进入水体后将产生严峻的水环境污染和病毒耐药性问题.本文对ATVs在水环境中的污染现状、环境行为、毒性效应,以及生态风险评估研究状况进行了综述.中国、日本、德国等已针对亚洲、欧洲水环境中ATVs含量展开研究,美国等国家仅在流感大流行后评估了奥司他韦等ATVs对水环境造成的影响;在水环境中被检出频率最高的ATVs为法匹拉韦、奥司他韦、利巴韦林和奥司他韦羧酸盐;在含量上水环境中ATVs浓度多处于ng·L^(−1);中国珠江三角洲地区水环境中奥司他韦、利巴韦林和奥司他韦羧酸盐等常见ATVs均低于检出限;在空间分布上,非洲国家等不发达地区水环境中的ATVs含量高于发达国家,目前检出的中国水环境中ATVs含量低于非洲、欧洲、日本等地区和国家.ATVs在水环境中易发生光化学反应产生光致毒性,对水中的植物、大型溞和鱼类具有一定的毒性,对人体可造成致畸、致癌和致突变的毒性效应,引导病毒产生耐药性.对ATVs的风险评估研究表明,ATVs的生态风险较高,相关部门应重视对水环境中这类污染物的净化去除.最后,本文提出全面防控水环境中ATVs污染的建议,以期为ATVs水污染防治及水生态环境风险评价提供理论基础.The global epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has promoted a surge in related antiviral drugs(ATVs)use.The spread of avian influenza,Ebola virus,HIV and other viruses has also increased the consumption of ATVs,which will cause serious water pollution and virus resistance.The pollution status,environmental behaviors and toxic effects of ATVs in water environment were reviewed in detail,and the risk assessment was summarized in this paper.China,Japan and Germany have studied ATVs in water environment in Asia and Europe,while the United States only evaluated the impact of ATVs such as oseltamivir after the influenza pandemic.It has found that the most frequently detected ATVs include faraway,oseltamivir,ribavirin and oseltamivir carboxylate.The concentration of ATVs was mostly ng·L^(−1) in the water environment.The ATVs content in less developed regions such as African countries is higher than that in developed countries.The content of common ATVs such as oseltamivir,ribavirin and oseltamivir carboxylate in the Pearl River Delta of China were under the detection limit,and is lower than that in Africa,Europe and Japan.ATVs are prone to photochemical reactions in water environment,thus producing phototoxicity,which are toxic to plants,daphnia magna and fish in the water,causing teratogenic,carcinogenic and mutagenic toxic effects to human body,and guide the virus to develop drug resistance.The research on risk assessment of ATVs showed that ATVs have high ecological risks.Thus relevant departments should pay attention to the purification and removal of such pollutants in water environment.This paper put forward suggestions for the comprehensive prevention and control of ATVs pollution in water environment,so that could provide theoretical basis for ATVS water pollution prevention,control and water ecological environment risk assessment.

关 键 词：抗病毒药物 污染现状 环境行为 毒性效应 风险评估 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]