西安主城区地下水化学特征及水质评价  

Groundwater chemical characteristics and water quality evaluation in the main urban area of Xi’an

作　　者：刘宜鑫 商佳涛 钱会[1,2] 王海科[1,2] 高燕燕 LIU Yixin;SHANG Jiatao;QIAN Hui;WANG Haike;GAO Yanyan(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an,710064,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology Effects in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Xi’an,710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,西安710064 [2]旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710064

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第6期1976-1987,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41931285,41790441);国家111引智计划项目(B08039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102291726,300102292901)资助.

摘　　要：城市地下水环境对城市的可持续发展具有重要意义.本文运用数理统计分析、改进的模糊综合评价、综合评价法、水化学和因子分析法对研究区地下水水化学特征及水质进行分析评价.结果表明,研究区地下水中钠离子、钙离子、硫酸根和碳酸氢根相对含量较高,承压水水化学组分比潜水稳定.潜水的水化学类型主要是HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg和SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg·Na,承压水的水化学类型主要是HCO_(3)^(-)Na和HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg.两种评价方法均显示,研究区潜水以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类水居多,模糊综合评价法显示研究区承压水大部分为Ⅰ类水,而综合评价法显示研究区多为Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水.水岩作用是水化学组分的主要控制因素.相较于承压水而言,潜水水质存在不同程度的污染,潜水污染的原因主要包括原生地质背景污染和人为污染两大类.该研究为研究区地下水资源的合理开发利用和生态环境保护与建设提供了理论依据.The groundwater environment is of great significance to the sustainable development of the urban.Mathematical statistics,improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,comprehensive evaluation,hydrochemistry method and factor analysis were used to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of groundwater.The results showed:1)The relative contents of Na^(+),Ca^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-) and HCO_(3)^(-)in groundwater were relatively high,and the hydrochemical composition of confined water was more stable than phreatic water.2)The hydrochemical types of phreatic water were mainly HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg type and SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg·Na type.The hydrochemical types of confined water were mainly HCO_(3)^(-)Na type and HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg type.3)The results of improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and comprehensive evaluation both showed that most of the phreatic water in the study area was GradeⅡandⅢ.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method showed that most of the confined water in the study area was GradeⅠ,while the comprehensive evaluation method showed that the study area was mostly GradeⅡandⅢ.Water-rock interaction was the main controlling factor of the hydrochemical composition.4)Compared with confined water,there were different levels of pollution in phreatic water quality.The causes of phreatic water pollution mainly included the primary geological background pollution and artificial pollution.This research is not only conducive to the rational development and utilization of groundwater,but also provides a theoretical basis for ecological environment protection and construction.

关 键 词：地下水 水化学特征 水质评价 污染源解析 西安主城区 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X523