白洋淀近5年水生态环境质量变化趋势与营养状态分析  

Analysis on the trend and nutritional status of water environment quality in Baiyangdian Lake in recent 5 years

作　　者：段茂庆 许维 苑飞燕 孟宪智 张世禄 张俊 DUAN Maoqing;XU Wei;YUAN Feiyan;MENG Xianzhi;ZHANG Shilu;ZHANG Jun(Center of Eco—Environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research,Administration of Ecology and Environment of HaiheRiver Basin and BeihaiSea Area,Ministry of Ecology and Environmentof People's Republic of China,Tianjin,300170,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部海河流域北海海域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,天津300170

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第6期1988-2000,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：长江水利委员会长江科学院开放研究基金(CKWV2018495/KY);国家国际科技合作专项基金(2013DFA71340)资助.

摘　　要：白洋淀作为华北地区最大的淡水湖泊,对维持、调节、改善区域生态环境质量发挥着重要作用.本文以2016—2020年逐月水质监测数据为基础,利用多种分析与评价方法,全面阐述了白洋淀“十三五”期间水生态环境质量状况,其目的在于掌握白洋淀水生态环境质量变化规律,为区域水生态环境“十四五”规划提供数据支撑与理论指导.分析结果表明,“十三五”期间白洋淀整体水环境质量呈现逐年上升趋势,水质呈清洁状态,富营养化水平均为中度富营养,水质类别集中在Ⅳ—劣Ⅴ类,占比分别为31.2%、27.7%以及28.4%.主要污染指标为化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、生化需氧量、氨氮以及溶解氧,浓度年均值呈现逐年下降趋势,溶解氧浓度呈现上升趋势.时间变化上,受降水量年内分布的影响,主要污染指标浓度年内高值集中出现在7、8月份;空间变化上,生化需氧量、总磷与氨氮浓度最大值出现在焦庄断面,其次为安州与南刘庄.分析了2020年白洋淀水环境质量状况,结果表明,白洋淀水生态环境质量呈现出波动性反弹(平稳期1—4月,反弹期5—8月,恢复期9—10月),经实地调查与数据分析发现,主要原因是2020年5月白洋淀实施了底泥清淤工程所导致的.As the largest freshwater lake in North China,Baiyangdian Lake plays an important role in maintaining,regulating and improving the quality of regional ecological environment.Based on the monthly water quality monitoring data from 2016 to 2020,this paper systematically analyzes the water ecological environment quality of Baiyangdian Lake during the 13th Five Year Plan.The results show that the overall water environment quality of Baiyangdian Lake presents an upward trend year by year.The water quality is in a clean state,and the eutrophication level is moderate eutrophication.The water quality category is concentrated in classⅣ—inferiorⅤ,accounting for 31.2%respectively 27.7%and 28.4%.The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand,permanganate index,total phosphorus,biochemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen.The annual average concentration shows a downward trend year by year,while the dissolved oxygen concentration shows an upward trend.In terms of temporal variation,the annual high values of main pollution indicators concentration concentrated in July and August due to the influence of precipitation distribution;in spatial,the maximum values of biochemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen concentration appeared in Jiaozhuang section,followed by Anzhou and Nanliuzhuang.However,the water ecological environment quality of Baiyangdian Lake shows a fluctuating rebound.Through field investigation and data analysis,it is found that the main reason is the implementation of sediment dredging project in May 2020.The analysis results of this paper will help relevant departments and units to understand the overall situation of water ecological environment quality of Baiyangdian Lake during the 13th Five Year Plan,master the main indicators and key factors affecting water environment quality,and have a certain guiding role in the development planning of Baiyangdian water ecological quality during the"14th Five Year Plan".

关 键 词："十三五"规划 白洋淀 水环境 CCME-WQI 污染指标 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]