基于建筑本体视角的美丽乡村房屋综合性能评价研究  

Evaluation of Comprehensive Performance of Beautiful Rural Houses Based on Architectural Ontology

作　　者：张兆昌 范旭红[3] 石启印[3] 惠卓[1,2] ZHANG Zhaochang;FAN Xuhong;SHI Qiyin;XI Zhuo(Key Laboratory of C&PC Structures of the Ministry of Education,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;National Prestress Engineering Research Center,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学混凝土及预应力混凝土结构教育部重点实验室,南京210096 [2]东南大学国家预应力工程技术研究中心,南京211189 [3]江苏大学,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《工业建筑》2022年第4期1-9,共9页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAL02B02)。

摘　　要：房屋性能评价是国家“乡村振兴”战略下美丽乡村房屋性能提升的基础和关键。美丽乡村房屋在建筑“安全、功能”需求的基础上,对“美丽、宜居”提出了更高要求。为此,针对美丽乡村房屋,从“建筑本体”的视角,提出了一套房屋综合性能评价体系,用于衡量房屋的整体性能水平和明确性能提升重点。该体系围绕美丽乡村房屋“安全舒适、美丽宜居”的建设目标,构建并量化了美丽乡村房屋的4个特性指标——“乡土性、安全性、功能性、舒适性”,并下设18个分因素层指标,涵盖了建筑学、结构、水电、消防等多个领域,使房屋性能评价较全面客观。同时,为提高量大面广的乡村房屋评价效率,提出了“整体评价、专项评价”的两层次递进评价策略。其次,考虑各层指标特点,采用集成赋权法确定了指标权重,得出美丽乡村房屋性能的关键指标,如结构安全、使用功能、热湿环境等。而且,提出采用得分概率分布的方法,确定了房屋综合性能评价的四个等级。最后,通过不同地方的不同年代、改造前后房屋实例的应用表明:该体系具有很强的可行性和实用性,能够实现房屋性能的综合高效评价;2000年后的房屋宜重点提升乡土特色、热湿环境等性能。Housing performance evaluation is the basis and key for the improvement of the performance of beautiful rural houses under the national village revitalization strategy.Moreover,the performance of beautiful rural houses not only includes“safety and functionality”(basic requirements),but also emphasizes“beauty and livability”(development requirements).Thus,from the perspective of“architectural ontology”,a comprehensive performance evaluation system for beautiful rural houses was put forward,which could be used to evaluate the overall performance level of house and indentify the focuses of performance improvement.Focusing on the construction goal of safety,comfort,beauty,and livability of beautiful rural houses,the system constructed and quantized four characteristic indexes“locality,safety,functionality and comfort”and 18 sub-factor layer indexes,covering many fields such as architecture,structure,water and electricity,fire protection,ect.,so that the housing performance evaluation was more comprehensive and objective.In view of the large amount and wide range of rural houses,the two-level progressive evaluation strategy of“overall evaluation and special evaluation”was proposed.Secondly,according to the characteristics of each layer,the integrated weighting method was used to determine the index weight,which showed that the key indexes included structural safety,use function,thermal and humidity environment,etc.Moreover,a score probability distribution method was proposed to determine the four evaluation levels of house.Finally,taking the houses in different places,different ages,before and after reconstruction,it was shown that the system had strong feasibility and practicability for the comprehensive and efficient evaluation of housing performance;the houses built after 2000 should focus on improving the performance of local characteristics,thermal and humidity environment,etc.

关 键 词：美丽乡村房屋 综合性能 两层次评价 建筑本体 乡土特色 

分 类 号：TU26[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]