含铬污水的生物修复技术研究现状及展望  

Research status and prospects on bioremediation technologies of chromium-containing wastewater

作　　者：安秋颖 郭璐露 黄泽波 陈紫桂 赵苒[1] AN Qiuying;GUO Lulu;HUANG Zebo;CHEN Zigui;ZHAO Ran(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnotics,School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室,厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建厦门361102

出　　处：《工业水处理》2022年第7期1-6,共6页Industrial Water Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673129);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT160001)。

摘　　要：六价铬被广泛应用于工业生产。含铬污水排入环境,在污染周边水源和土壤的同时,还可通过生物富集和生物放大作用威胁人类健康,因此高效处理含铬污水是世界环境科学领域亟待解决的问题。传统的铬修复技术一般采用物理化学处理方法,但其具有处理程序复杂、成本较高、效率低、容易导致二次污染等缺点。生物修复技术则利用植物、动物和微生物,通过吸收、降解、转化等途径减少污水中的铬,具有经济、无二次污染、修复效率高、过程安全等优点,因此被认为是处理含铬污水的资源节约型、环境友好型技术。就微生物还原,微生物吸附,植物、纳米材料与微生物联用等现有处理含铬污水的生物修复技术的作用机制、反应机理及优缺点进行了归纳总结,揭示其应用潜力,并对其未来的发展趋势进行展望。Hexavalent chromium is commonly used in industrial manufacturing.The outflow of chromium-containing wastewater into the environment not only pollutes the surrounding water source and soil but also endangers human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification.Therefore,the efficient treatment of chromium-containing wastewater has emerged as a critical issue in environmental science around the world.Traditional chromium reme⁃diation technology is physical and chemical treatment method,but it has drawbacks such as a complex treatment procedure,high cost,limited efficiency,and the potential for secondary contamination.Bioremediation technology uses plants,animals and microorganisms to reduce chromium in sewage through absorption,degradation and trans⁃formation.Because of the benefits of economy,no secondary pollution,high restoration efficiency,and process safety,it is regarded as a resource-saving and environmentally sustainable technology for dealing with chromium-contained wastewater.In present work,the mechanism,reaction theory,advantages and drawbacks of current biore⁃mediation technology for hexavalent chromium pollution,such as microbial reduction,microbial adsorption,phyto-microbial remediation,and nano-microbial remediation were summarized.Its implementation potential and future development pattern was prospected.

关 键 词：含铬污水 生物还原 生物吸附 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]