从丝路城市到文化之都--14至16世纪赫拉特城区建筑探究  

From Silk Road City to Cultural Capital:On the Evolution of Heart City Between 14 and 16 Century

作　　者：张超[1] ZHANG Chao(School of History and Tourism,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院,太原030031

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期94-102,共9页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA213)。

摘　　要：14至16世纪,赫拉特完成了从丝路重镇转变为帝国的首都,再演变为伊斯兰世界“文化之都”的历程。在这一时期,帖木儿帝国在教育、文学、音乐、建筑艺术等各方面有了巨大发展或创新,这一文化景象被称为“帖木儿文艺复兴”。作为帝国首都的赫拉特,由于受到“帖木儿文艺复兴”的浸染,其城市发展进入全新的阶段。这一时期赫拉特的城市规划和建筑风格反映了波斯文明、突厥蒙古文明和伊斯兰文明等高度融合的特征,其人口结构、民族成分和教派构成都已基本定型,并奠定了近代赫拉特城市的基础。清真寺和神学教育机构等建筑和设施,构成赫拉特城市的地标建筑和核心区域,在经历近代和现代历次战火的洗礼后,这类城市建筑群并没有消失,至今仍然是赫拉特市区的重要组成部分。Timurid Empire had been rising from the 14th century.With its economy and trade having been developed,this dynasty had made great achievement in education,literature,art,architecture,and so on.This virtue lasted until the 17th century and was called“Timurid Renaissance”.Affected by the“Timurid Renaissance”,Heart got great development and became the cultural capital of Islamic world.Persian civilization and Islamic culture,Turk and Mongolia civilization communed in the architecture and pattern of Heart.It had influenced the population,nationality and religious sects in Heart.The architecture founded the base of modern Heart city.

关 键 词：赫拉特 城市 丝绸之路 帖木儿帝国 文艺复兴 

分 类 号：K373[历史地理—历史学]