玛纳斯河流域土壤水稳定同位素特征及运移机制  

Stable isotopic characteristics and soil moisture migration mechanisms in the Manas River basin

作　　者：李雅琴 李发东 张秋英[2] 乔云峰 李俊峰[1] 田超 KHASANOV Sayidjakhon[3,4,5] 李艳红 何新林 LI Yaqin;LI Fadong;ZHANG Qiuying;QIAO Yunfeng;LI Junfeng;TIAN Chao;KHASANOV Sayidjakhon;LI Yanhong;HE Xinlin(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Yucheng National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Farmland Ecosystem Shandong,Yucheng 251200,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Geographic Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]山东禹城农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山东禹城251200 [5]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100190 [6]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2022年第4期690-697,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目-新疆联合基金重点项目(U1803244);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2021BC003)。

摘　　要：干旱区土壤水分垂直方向运移与分配,特别是膜下滴灌绿洲地区土壤水分垂直方向分布现状与运移机制尚不清楚。为探究干旱区农田生态系统水分层贡献问题,阐明农田土壤中水分运移过程,于2019年沿新疆玛纳斯河流域农田土壤进行分层采样,依次为0~5、5~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm。测定了稳定同位素δD和δ^(18)O值,对同位素δD和δ^(18)O值进行数据分析。结果表明:δD和δ^(18)O最大值位于0~5 cm土层,分别为-25.64‰和-0.19‰;δD和δ^(18)O最小值位于20~40 cm土层,分别为-108.32‰和-8.19‰。0~5 cm土层δD和δ^(18)O值较高,表明上层比下层更易受水分蒸发作用影响,存在强蒸发效应。随土层深度增加,δD和δ^(18)O值呈减小趋势,其中80~100 cm土层变化趋势缓慢。氘盈余值表现为山地>平原>荒漠>山前。研究表明,受长期膜下滴灌影响,加之蒸发作用强烈,玛纳斯河流域土壤水分迁移过程发生改变。Soil moisture distribution and vertical movement in arid areas,especially in oasis areas with drip irrigation under mulch,remain unclear.This study′s objectives are to scientifically explore the contribution of the soil moisture layer to farmland ecosystems in arid areas,and to clarify the process of water transport in farmland soil.In 2019,we collected stratified soil samples from farmlands spanning the Manas River basin in Xinjiang,with sampling layers of 0~5,5~10,10~20,20~40,40~60,60~80 cm,and 80~100 cm.Stable isotopeδD andδ^(18)O values were determined,and data analysis was performed.Maximum values ofδD andδ^(18)O(-25.64‰and-0.19‰,respectively)are located in the 0~5 cm soil layer.Minimum values(-108.32‰and-8.19‰,respectively)are in the 20~40 cm soil layer.TheδD andδ^(18)O values in the 0~5 cm soil layer were enriched,indicating that the upper layer was more susceptible to water evaporation than the lower layer,with a strong evaporation effect.As soil depth increased,δD andδ^(18)O values displayed a decreasing trend,which slows down in the 80~100 cm soil layer.The excessδD value were ordered:mountainous>plain>desert>piedmont region.In conclusion,due to long-term mulch drip irrigation and intense evaporation from surface soil,the water migration process changes with change in soil profile.

关 键 词：稳定同位素 土壤水 农田 玛纳斯河流域 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]