粪污快速分离收运系统对粪污性质和舍内环境指标的影响  

Effects of a rapid manure collection and transportation system on fecal properties and environmental indicators in a piggery

作　　者：李仲瀚 巴士迪 张克强 杨增军 LI Zhonghan;BA Shidi;ZHANG Keqiang;YANG Zengjun(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2022年第4期707-715,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800100);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2019LM02-02)。

摘　　要：为了分析粪污快速分离收运系统的机械清粪方式的收运效果,本研究选择两栋结构相同的猪舍,分别采用粪污快速分离收运系统机械清粪方式(试验组)和人工清粪方式(对照组),通过试验测定了两种方式收集的粪污的性质,同时对舍内环境进行监测。结果发现,与人工清粪方式相比,采用机械清粪方式收集的粪便总氮和氨氮含量分别提高了0.51、0.12个百分点(P<0.01),总磷含量提高0.37个百分点(P<0.05),含水率降低4.92个百分点(P<0.01);污水的总氮浓度降低42.40%(P<0.01),总磷浓度降低57.22%(P<0.05),氨氮浓度降低58.48%(P<0.01),化学需氧量降低36.97%(P<0.01);平均氨气和硫化氢浓度降低64.83%和62.33%(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,粪污快速分离收运技术能减少粪便中养分向污水转移,保留粪便利用价值的同时降低污水后续处理难度;采用基于漏缝地板的粪污快速分离收运技术的猪舍内环境指标明显优于人工清粪模式,更有利于生猪的生长。This study analyzed the collection and transportation effect of the manure rapid collection and transportation system with mechanical manure cleaning.Mechanical manure cleaning in the rapid collection and transportation system(experimental group)and artificial manure cleaning(control group)were used in two piggery with the same structure.The properties of feces collected by the two groups were measured and the environment in the piggery was monitored.Compared with the artificial manure cleaning mode treatment,the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents of the manure treated by mechanical manure cleaning following rapid collection and transport increased by 0.51 and 0.12 percent points,respectively(P<0.01).The total phosphorus increased by 0.37 percent points(P<0.05).The moisture content reduced by 4.92 percent points(P<0.01).Significant decreases were noted for sewage concerning total nitrogen concentration(42.40%,P<0.01),total phosphorus concentration(57.22%,P<0.05),ammonia nitrogen concentration(58.48%,P<0.01),chemical oxygen demand(36.97%,P<0.01),average concentration of ammonia(64.83%,P<0.01),and average concentration of hydrogen sulfide(62.33%,P<0.01).The collective results showed that the rapid collection and transportation system for manure and sewage cleaning could reduce the transfer of nutrients in manure to sewage,retain the manure quality,and reduce the difficulty of subsequent sewage treatment.Rapid manure collection and transport improved the environmental quality of the piggery with a slatted floor,compared with artificial manure cleaning.The improved conditions were more conducive to the growth of pigs.

关 键 词：清粪方式 畜禽舍 粪污 气体排放 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]