投喂率对稻-黄颡鱼共作系统气态氮散失和饲料氮利用率的影响  

Effects of feeding rate on gaseous nitrogen loss and feed nitrogen utilization in a rice–yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)co-culture system

作　　者：吴俊男 鲍婷 王梦杰 李凤博[1] 冯金飞[1] 方福平[1] WU Junnan;BAO Ting;WANG Mengjie;LI Fengbo;FENG Jinfei;FANG Fuping(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州311401

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2022年第4期749-757,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877548,41907410)。

摘　　要：为探讨稻鱼共作模式中投喂率对N_(2)O、NH_(3)排放以及饲料氮利用率的影响,采用模拟试验,设置不同投喂率(0、2%、4%、6%和8%)稻-黄颡鱼共作处理以及黄颡鱼单养处理(投喂率4%),研究投喂率对稻-黄颡鱼共作系统中N_(2)O和NH_(3)排放特征、水体和底泥氮含量、黄颡鱼生长性能和饲料氮利用率的影响。结果表明,稻-黄颡鱼共作处理N_(2)O累积排放量和水体总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮含量随投喂率增加而增加,分别从未投喂处理的-0.01 kg·hm^(-2)和0.60、0.22、0.25、0.02 mg∙L^(-1)增加到8%投喂率处理的0.72 kg·hm^(-2)和4.61、1.75、2.50、0.16 mg∙L^(-1)。在相同投喂率下,稻-黄颡鱼共作处理N_(2)O累积排放量、水体总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量分别比黄颡鱼单养处理降低32.10%、48.63%、31.43%、69.13%和69.23%。增加投喂率会削弱稻-黄颡鱼共作模式对N_(2)O排放和水体氮污染的抑制效应。投喂率对稻-黄颡鱼共作处理NH_(3)挥发无显著影响。黄颡鱼对饲料氮的利用率随投喂率增加呈下降趋势;特定生长率、粗蛋白含量和蛋白增加量随投喂率增加呈先增后减趋势。稻-黄颡鱼共作处理中最大特定生长率、最高蛋白增加量和最低单位产量N_(2)O排放量对应投喂率分别是5.49%、5.16%和1.00%。相同投喂率条件下,稻-黄颡鱼共作有利于促进黄颡鱼粗蛋白累积、降低N_(2)O和NH_(3)排放量以及水体和底泥氮养分含量。研究表明,稻-黄颡鱼共作系统中,水体氮含量和N_(2)O排放量随投喂率的提高而增加,综合黄颡鱼生长和N_(2)O排放情况,建议稻-黄颡鱼共作模式的投喂率不超过5.49%。Feeding rate is a key parameter regulating the nutrient utilization and environmental pollution of rice–fish co-culture systems.However,the response of N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions to the feeding rate in the rice–fish co-culture system is still unclear.Therefore,in this study,a simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding rate on the N_(2)O and NH_(3) emission characteristics,nitrogen content in the water and soil,growth performance of yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),and feed nitrogen utilization of rice–yellow catfish co-culture system.For this,we set up different feeding rates(0%,2%,4%,6%,and 8%)for the rice–yellow catfish co-culture system and used a yellow catfish monoculture treatment at 4%feeding rate as the control.The results showed that the N_(2)O emission and content of total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen in the water increased with an increase in the feeding rate in the co-culture system.The cumulative N_(2)O emission and content of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen in the water of the co-culture system increased from-0.01 kg·hm^(-2),0.60,0.22,0.25,0.02 mg∙L^(-1) in the no-feeding treatment(0%feeding rate)to 0.72 kg·hm^(-2),4.61,1.75,2.50,0.16 mg∙L^(-1) in the 8%feeding rate treatment,respectively.However,under the same feeding rates,the cumulative N_(2)O emission and content of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and nitrite nitrogen of the coculture system declined by 32.10%,48.63%,31.43%,69.13%,and 69.23%compared with those of the yellow catfish monoculture system.Increased feeding rate weakened the mitigation of N_(2)O emission and nitrogen pollution in the water in the co-culture system.The feeding rate had no significant effect on the amount of NH_(3) volatilization in the co-culture system.Feed nitrogen utilization by yellow catfish in the different feeding rate treatments decreased with the increase in feeding rate.Furthermore,the specific growth rate,crude protei

关 键 词：稻鱼共作 黄颡鱼 投喂率 N_(2)O排放 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S965.199