等离子体风洞中释放二氧化碳降低电子密度  

Electron density depletion by releasing carbon dioxide in plasma wind tunnel

作　　者：刘祥群 刘宇 凌艺铭[1] 雷久侯[1,2,3] 曹金祥 李瑾 钟育民[5] 谌明 李艳华[5] Liu Xiang-Qun;Liu Yu;Ling Yi-Ming;Lei Jiu-Hou;Cao Jin-Xiang;Li Jin;Zhong Yu-Min;Shen Ming;Li Yan-Hua(Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230026,China;Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Beijing Institute of Near Space Vehicle System Engineering,Beijing 100076,China;Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,中国科学院近地空间环境重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院,比较行星学卓越创新中心,合肥230026 [3]中国科学技术大学,行星探索与前瞻性技术前沿科学中心,合肥230026 [4]北京临近空间飞行器系统工程研究所,北京100076 [5]北京遥测技术研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第14期150-155,共6页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家航天局民用航天技术预研项目(批准号:D020105);中国科学院青年创新促进会(批准号:2020451);中国科学技术大学“双一流”研究基金(批准号:YD3420002002);中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号:WK3420000011)资助的课题.

摘　　要：航天器从近地空间进入大气层过程中,由于激波加热,会在航天器外表面形成等离子体鞘套,导致航天器与地面之间的无线电通信中断,即“黑障”效应.为了缓解“黑障”效应,国内外学者进行了多方面的技术研究,其中化学物质释放被认为是一种有效的方法.以往,主要针对卤族元素和水开展理论和实飞研究.本文基于二氧化碳不易在高温流场中发生裂解的特性,利用电弧和高频风洞产生等离子体流场,主动释放二氧化碳降低等离子体电子密度.结果表明,在风洞等离子体中,释放不同流量的二氧化碳可使电子密度下降1-2个量级,为解决再入过程中黑障问题提供了一种可行方法.During the spacecraft from geospace penetrating into the atmosphere, a plasma sheath can be formed around its external surface due to shock heating which subsequently leads the radio communications between the space vehicle and ground-based stations to interrupt, i.e. the blackout problem happens. Many techniques have been developed to mitigate the blackout problem, and the attachment chemicals releasing is considered as an effective method. Previously, halogenides and water have been widely investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we report the mitigation of the reentry plasma sheath through releasing carbon dioxide, in which the electron density is reduced through different mechanisms and processes from the releasing halogenides. Controlled experiments are performed to investigate the carbon dioxide released in the arc wind tunnel and the high-frequency plasma wind tunnel. Results suggest that the electron density can be significantly reduced in the simulated plasma sheath environment, which provides a potential approach to solving the communication blackout problem encounterin the reentry process.

关 键 词：等离子体鞘套 二氧化碳 电子密度 

分 类 号：V443.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]