金沙江流域沉积物中重金属迁移转化规律研究  

Research on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics ofHeavy Metals in Sediments of Jinsha River Basin

作　　者：于江 孙溢点 张旭[2] 严忠銮 唐锡良 彭虹[3] 王浩 王孟[5] YU Jiang;SUN Yi-dian;ZHANG Xu;YAN Zhong-luan;TANG Xi-liang;PENG Hong;WANG Hao;WANG Meng(China Three Gorges Construction Engineering corporation,Chengdu 61000,China;School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国三峡建设管理有限公司,成都610000 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [3]武汉大学水利水电学院,武汉430072 [4]中国水利科学研究院,北京100038 [5]长江水资源保护科学研究所,武汉430051

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第7期10-15,24,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：梯级调控下汉江中下游生源要素迁移及水华爆发的驱动机制项目(41877531);中国三峡建设管理有限公司科研项目资助(JG/18011B)。

摘　　要：金沙江是长江上游的重要组成部分,河床陡峻,流水侵蚀力强,是长江干流泥沙的主要来源之一。实验研究了金沙江攀枝花段沉积物中六种典型重金属的时空分布特征,分析了金沙江流域沉积物对镉(Cd)的吸附/解吸能力和环境因素产生的影响,并与长江干流武汉段沉积物进行对比。实验结果表明沉积物中六种典型重金属平均浓度V>Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd。除少部分断面外,沉积物中重金属浓度在丰水期最高。干流沉积物中重金属平均浓度高于支流,Zn、V、Cd和Pb的浓度自上游至下游逐渐降低。金沙江攀枝花段沉积物和长江干流武汉段沉积物对Cd吸附/解吸规律基本一致,两种沉积物对Cd的吸附均大于解吸。与长江沉积物相比,金沙江沉积物吸附速率更快,但两者平衡吸附量相近,均在135 mg/kg左右。水体扰动对两种沉积物的吸附/解吸过程影响较大,随水体扰动程度增加,沉积物和溶液中Cd接触面增大,导致Cd在沉积物上吸附量变大。温度变化则只影响吸附/解吸速度但不影响两种沉积物的平衡吸附量。The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for the hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for Yangtze River.The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of typical heavy metals in sediments from Panzhihua Section of Jinsha River are studied in this paper.The adsorption/desorption capacity of cadmium(Cd)in sediments of Jinsha River basin and the influence of environmental factors are explored,and compared with the sediments of Wuhan section of Yangtze River.The experimental results show that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments are V>Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd.Except for a few sections,the concentrations of six heavy metals in the sediments are the highest during the wet period.The average concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the main stream is higher than that in tributaries,and the average concentration of Zn,V,Cd and Pb gradually decreases from upstream to downstream.The adsorption and desorption of Cd in sediments from Panzhihua section of the Jinsha River and Wuhan section of the Yangtze River are similar.The adsorption capacity of Cd is greater than the desorption capacity in the both kinds of sediments.Compared with the sediment of Yangtze River,the adsorption rate of sediments from the Jinsha River is faster,but the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the sediments from the Jinsha River is similar,both of which are about 135 mg/kg.Turbulence has great influence on the process of adsorption and desorption of Cd.With the increase in turbulence,the contact area between sediment and Cd increases,which has increased the adsorption capacity of Cd on sediments.Temperature only affects the adsorption/desorption rate of Cd in sediments,while the adsorption/desorption capacity is not affected.

关 键 词：金沙江 重金属 时空分布 吸附 解吸 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]