2018-2020年乌鲁木齐市婴幼儿病毒性腹泻监测及病原学分析  

Analysis of four kinds of virus infections and aetiology in infants and young children in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020

作　　者：沙比热木·托合塔木[1] 再克也木·迪力木拉提 聂骄阳 郜振国[1] 马合木提[1] Shabiremu TUOHETAMU;Zaikeyemu DILIMULATI;NIE Jiao-yang;GAO Zhen-guo;Mahemuti(Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2022年第4期420-425,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：新疆少数民族科技人才特殊培养计划项目(2017D03008)。

摘　　要：目的分析乌鲁木齐市2018-2020年<5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻流行病学与病原学特征,为本地区病毒性腹泻防控提供参考依据。方法收集2018-2020年乌鲁木齐市哨点医院门诊<5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻流行病学信息和粪便标本,用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测A组轮状病毒(RV)、札如病毒(SAV)、诺如病毒(NV)、肠道腺病毒(EADV)和星状病毒(ASV)核酸,并用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测A组RV基因分型。结果445份标本中病毒阳性率分别为A组RV 45.02%、NV 10.33%、EADV 9.04%、SAV 5.35%、ASV 1.29%,混合感染率为28.97%,7~12月龄组阳性率最高为69.8%,25~36月龄组最低为2.4%。不同季节A组RV、SAV、ASV阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.582、21.047、17.685,均P<0.001),A组RV 12月份和1月份检出高峰。A组RV的G血清型以G9为主占61.8%,P血清型以P[8]为主占87.7%;NV基因型以GⅡ型为主,3年检出率分别为93.54%、88.64%、100.00%;病毒性腹泻冬春季高发分别为26.5%、28.5%。结论乌鲁木齐市2018-2020年<5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻中,2岁以下阳性率最高,A组RV和NV病毒为主要病原。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in infants under 5 years old in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea.Methods The epidemiological information and stool samples of viral diarrhea in outpatients of Urumqi sentinel hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected.The nucleic acids of group A Rotavirus(RV),Zarovirus(SAV),Norovirus(NV),Adenovirus(EADV)and Astrovirus(ASV)were detected using real-time quantitative PCR;RT-PCR was used to detect rotavirus genotypes.Results The positive rates of RV,NV,EADV,SAV and ASV were 45.02%,10.33%,9.04%,5.35%and 1.29%,respectively.The mixed infection rate was 28.97%.The highest positive rate was 69.8%in 7-12 months group and the lowest was 2.4%in 25-36 months group.The positive rates of RV,SAV and ASV in different seasons were significantly different(χ^(2)=37.582,χ^(2)=21.047,χ^(2)=17.685,all P<0.001).RV reached the peak in December and January.The G serotype of RV was mainly G9,accounting for 61.8%,and the P serotype was mainly P[8],accounting for 87.7%.The genotype of NV was mainly GⅡ,the detection rate of which was 93.54%,88.64%and 100.00%in three years respectively;26.5%in winter and 28.5%in spring.Conclusion The positive rate of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020 is the highest,and RV and NV viruses are the main pathogens.

关 键 词：病毒性腹泻 流行特征 婴幼儿 病原学 

分 类 号：R183.1[医药卫生—流行病学] R183.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]