盟伴体系、复合阵营与美国“印太战略”  

The Latticework of Alliances and Partnerships, the Multilayered Coalition and US Indo-Pacific Strategy

作　　者：赵明昊 Zhao Minghao(Center for American Studies,Institute of International Studies at Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心,上海200433 [2]北京大学国际战略研究院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2022年第6期26-55,157,共31页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大类项目(项目批准号:21VMG002)的阶段性成果;北京大学国际战略研究院的研究支持。

摘　　要：美国外交战略的调整会深刻影响其结盟方式。为应对中国带来的“特殊挑战”,美国试图构建多层次的盟伴体系,打造融合政府、企业和社会组织等多种力量的复合阵营。美国通过盟伴体系促进政府性力量的横向耦合,发挥借盟强伴、化伴为盟、以伴带盟功能;借助复合阵营实现社会性力量的纵向耦合,促使多元主体在认知和应对“中国威胁”方面增强一致性、协调性和联动性。作者以美国的“印太战略”为例,分析美国如何通过盟伴体系与复合阵营策略强化对华施压。在安全领域,美国升级美日印澳四边机制、构建美英澳三边安全伙伴关系、促动欧洲和北约力量向印太地区延展,构筑多圈层、网络化的地区安全架构。在经济领域,美国以“印太经济框架”为平台,在供应链重塑、数字经济和数字贸易以及地区基础设施等方面强化对华地缘经济竞争。在政治领域,美国打造针对中国的价值观联盟,将意识形态因素更深地融入经贸、技术等方面的对华竞争。美国的盟伴体系与复合阵营策略面临不少限制性因素,如美国投入有限、美国霸权信誉度下降和不同国家的战略利益存在差异等。The shift of US grand strategy can lead to the adjustment of its alignment approach. The US views China as a special challenge. It builds up a latticework of alliances and partnerships and a multilayered coalition composing of state actors,enterprises and non-governmental organizations. The former is aimed at horizontal coupling of governmental power,strengthening allies and partners and enhancing interoperability among them. The latter focuses on vertical coupling of civilian power,mobilizing multiple actors to confront the China challenge. This article uses the above analytical concepts to investigate the US Indo-Pacific strategy. The US constructs networked regional security architecture by upgrading the Quad,initiating the AUKUS and promoting the NATO and EU allies to interfere with Indo-Pacific affairs. The US proposes the IndoPacific Economic Framework, with which it aims to dominate rule-making in digital economy,reshape the supply chain and compete with China in regional infrastructure.Moreover,a coalition of democratic value is built to facilitate America’s rivalry vis-à-vis China in economic and technological realms. The new alignment approach of the US has some constraints, such as its fiscal difficulties and impaired credibility. The diverging interests between U.S. allies and partners also limit effective allied action to counter China.

关 键 词：中美关系 大国竞争 盟伴体系 复合阵营 “印太战略” 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]